2:1 Song Of The Open Road

2:1 Song Of The Open Road

                  By Walt Whitman

    Walt Whitman was an American poet , essayist  ,and journalist  . Whitman is among the most influential poets .  He is often called 'The Father Of Free Verse .

         ' Song of the open road ' is taken from his ,' Leaves of the Grass '. It is a 

Poetry collection  book .It is written by Walt Whitman . The poems in this collection is a beautiful  blend of self awareness , free will and tenderness  of heart . The poet says  journey  is a test of wisdom and it can not be tested in any school or university . The road is something every one uses .The road signifies 'mobility ' .

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     Difficult words and their meanings

Afoot                   =  On foot 

light hearted      =   happy mood

 path                    =   road

Henceforth         =  from this time

Whimper             =  a sob

querulous           = often complaining

delicious             = tasty /happy

burden                 =  load 

get rid of              = released from                                           problems

in return              = in exchange

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Figures of speech :

1) Line no.1

' Afoot and light-hearted  I take to the open road , '

Name of the figures of speech -.           -  Inversion  

Explanation :- The prose order is not correct . The correct prose order is  -

I take to the open road afoot and light-hearted .

2) line no. 3

The long brown path before me leading ............

Name  :-      Alliteration :

 Explanation :-   ( in the word 'brown ' and 'before  )

The sound of 'b' is repeated pleasingly for greater poetic effect .

3) Line no. 5 

Henceforth I ask ......,I myself .... ........fortune.

 Name of the figures of speech :                                      

Repetition .

Explanation:

 The word ' I ' is repeated pleasingly for the greater poetic effect .

 4 ) Line  no. 07

Henceforth .......no more , postpone no more , need nothing ,

 Name :-      Repetition : 

 Explanation :-  Word ' no more ' is   repeated .

5) Line no. 09

Done with indoor complaints , libraries, querulous criticism ,

 1) Alliteration :  sound of ' c ' is                    repeated pleasingly for the greater        poetic effect .

2) Tautology  :

Explanation :-.       The words                          ' Complaints'.  and  ' querulous ' 

    expresses    the same  meaning .

6)  Line no. 11

 ' Strong and .............. open  road .

Inversion :

Explanation :-   Prose order is not correct . The correct prose order is   -

I travel the open road strong and content .

7) Line no. 16 

' Still here ......... delicious burdens  '

Metaphor :

Explanation :-   Old sweet memories are indirectly compared  with something  delicious .

8) Line no .17

  '  I carry them ........I carry ...................... Wherever I go ',

Repetition :

The word   ' I ' is repeated .

9) Line no. 18 

I am ........................   in return .

Repetition :

 The word  ' I ' is repeated  .

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                  Themes

The main  theme of this poem is            ' freedom ' . 

The other  is   ' joy of life   and   optimism '

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              BRAINSTORMING

A1 ( i ) Pick out the lines showing that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey .

Answer :

The following lines from the poem show that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey

a) Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,

b) The long brown path before me leading wherever I Choose .

c) Henceforth I  whimper no more , postpone no more ,need nothing ,

d) Strong and content I travel to the open road .

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(ii) 

 By ' old delicious burdens ' the poet means -

a) the luggage 

b) the food he carries 

c) the stress he bears during the                travels

d) Sweet memories of the past .

Answer :-

(d) Sweet memories of the past .

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(iii) The poet is a person who is free from all inhibitions . Discuss how the concept of ' freedom ' is expressed in the poem .

Answer:-

According to the poet , human beings are free  by birth . The poet wants to tell his reader that every person should enjoy the freedom . One should not bother about ones social status , whether they are rich or poor. According to the poet, being free means being able to do anything that gives happiness .' The open road ' means open to all and free to all to enjoy individual freedom . It teaches us to live amicably with others . Freedom means  living happily  through the   sweet memories of good and kind people . He emphasizes the freedom of traveling .

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A2  (i) Following are the activities of the poet related to his journey  on the road , Divide them into two parts as 

 'activities the poet will practice ' and

' activities he will not practice ' .

a) Walking along the road though he does not know where it reaches .

b) Complaining about the discomforts  during the journey .

c) Postponing the journey 

d) Praying for good fortune 

e) carrying the fond memories of the good people 

f) Creating contacts with famous and influential people 

g) Striving to achieve high and bright success 

h) Reflecting and  developing his own  'self '

Answer -

Activities  that the poet will practice are --

(a) ; (e) ; and  (h)

Activities  that the poet  will not practice are ----

(b)  ;  (c)  ; (d)  ; ( f) ; and ( g )

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(ii) Write down the traits the poet exhibit through following lines . One is done for you .

a) Henceforth ,I  ask for no good fortune - I myself am good fortune :

Traits -  Self - confidence

b) Henceforth , I whimper no more , postpone no more,need nothing ---

Answer -----

Self-confidence 

c) I do not want the constellations any nearer  -----

Answer --- No  -greedy                           nature / self controlled

d) I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them ---

Answer ---- self awareness

e) I am filled with them - I will fill them in return ---

Answer ------ gratefulness

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( iii ) ' Healthy  ,free ,the world before              me ' .

          Express your views regarding 

          the above line .

Answer ----

           The above line  tells us  that the world is healthy , free and unbiased . One is free to go anywhere .The poet loved to explore and like to meet all types of people.

He is free from burdens ,cares , stresses and sorrows .

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A3 -  The poet has used many                          describing words  such as  'healthy ' in this poem . Make a list and classify them as -

a) For the world  ------  free 

b) for himself -----------  Strong and                                                  content , light-.                                          hearted

c) for the road ----------  open ,                                                          long  brown    

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A4  ( ii ) The road in the poem  does not mean only the road to travel . The poet wants to suggest the road of life.  Explain the metaphor with the help of the poem .

Answer - 

Example of metaphor : line no.3

1)  ' The long brown path before me leading wherever I Choose '

The long  brown path is  indirectly compared  with the life  . It is a road of life .

As the dirt road ( brown path ) is not easy to travel , similarly  the journey of life is not easy .one should learn the art of enjoying  the life as it comes .

2) ' Still here I carry my old delicious burdens ' ( line no. 16)

Old sweet memories are indirectly compared with delicious burdens .

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(iv) There are certain words that are repeated in the poem .for example ' no more '  ( in line 7 )

Find out other similar expressions .

Explain the effect they have created in the poem .

Answer ----

Similar expressions :

1 ) ' good fortune ' ( in line 5 )

2) ' carry them '      ( in line 17 )

The words are repeated for the poetic effect .

(v) The use of personal pronoun ' I ' is evident and prominent in this poem . Give reasons .

Answer :-

 In this poem ,  the poet speaks  on a 'personal freedom ' . Through the lines of the poem , he explains his state of mind  . As , he is narrating and sharing his personal memories  , it is written in the first person 'I '.

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A 5 

Write a poetic appreciation of the poem ' Song of the Open Road '.

     Poetic Appreciation 

2:1 Song Of The Open Road

                By - Walt Whitman

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With the help of the following points , write a poetic appreciation of the poem 'Song of the Open Road'.

Points :-

* About the poem / poet and the           title

*The theme

*Poetic style

*The language / poetic devices            used  in the poem 

* Special features

* Message, values morals in the           poem

*Your opinion about the poem

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Appreciation :

       The name of the poem is 'Song of the Open Road ' . It is written by an American poet Walt Whitman . 

The title of the poem is apt to get the meaning of the poem . It tells about the free world .The word ,     ' Open Road ' , in the title of the poem tells us that it is not the common road to travel but it is the road of life .The road signifies mobility .The poet argues against staying in one place for too long. One can take the road as a point to start  over towards something new.

Theme :-

The  Main theme of the poem is 'Freedom '. Joy of life and Optimism are other themes . The poem tells the readers to leave their difficulties behind and enjoy the freedom of life .

Poetic style :-

      This  poem is written in a free verse . It means it is free from the limitations of regular metre or rhythm . It is free from artificiality

of a typical poetic expression .

The language / Poetic devices :-

       The language of the poem is very lucid and  simple . It is very easy to understand . It is free from artificiality of a typical poetic expression . It is written in a free verse .

        The  figures of speech  used in the poem help to enhance the beauty of the poem . 

The figures of speech used in this poem are , Metaphor , Paradox, Free Verse , Alliteration and  Repetition .

 In the expression ' Old delicious burdens ',  the figures of speech is paradox . It implies that the poet has many sweet memories of the people and places which he would like to remember forever .

    Skillful use of the figures of speech increases the charm of  the poem .

Special features :

   Whitman separates this poem 

into four separate stanzas . The first stanza contains only 3 lines ; other stanza contains 4 lines . The lines are unrhymed . Phrases like ' light hearted 'and 'querulous criticism ' are interesting . Imageries  such as 'Constellations ' and' Brown path ' are effective .

Message , Values ,Morals in the poem :-

     It teaches us to be optimistic and burden free . It tells the readers that social status is not a barrier , if you want to enjoy the life truly .  People from all categories should come together forgetting the social status .

      

Your opinion about the poem :

    It is an inspirational poem . It encourages the reader to spare Some  time from their domestic attachments  and enjoy the life in the healthy and free world .

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(II)  Write four to six lines of free verse on the topic ' The road that leads to my college '. Express that it is the road of knowledge and bright future .You may begin like this :

' Every day I tread with the bag of books  .................

Answer -------

       Every day I tread with the bag of books  on the road that leads to my college  ,

      The road is crowded With pink,       blue and green  ,

            My parents send me there ,

        to learn to read and write .

         It is the temple of knowledge,

and every one should go there to worship ,

         I believe it , because my parents believe it .

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 _____________Thank You ___________

        

 

2:1( Poetic appreciation ) Song Of The Open Road

     Poetic Appreciation 

2:1 Song Of The Open Road

                By - Walt Whitman

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With the help of the following points , write a poetic appreciation of the poem 'Song of the Open Road'.

Points :-

* About the poem / poet and the           title

*The theme

*Poetic style

*The language / poetic devices            used  in the poem 

* Special features

* Message, values morals in the           poem

*Your opinion about the poem

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Appreciation :

       The name of the poem is 'Song of the Open Road ' . It is written by an American poet Walt Whitman . 

The title of the poem is apt to get the meaning of the poem . It tells about the free world .The word ,     ' Open Road ' , in the title of the poem tells us that it is not the common road to travel but it is the road of life .The road signifies mobility .The poet argues against staying in one place for too long. One can take the road as a point to start  over towards something new.

Theme :-

The  Main theme of the poem is 'Freedom '. Joy of life and Optimism are other themes . The poem tells the readers to leave their difficulties behind and enjoy the freedom of life .

Poetic style :-

      This  poem is written in a free verse . It means it is free from the limitations of regular metre or rhythm . It is free from artificiality

of a typical poetic expression .

The language / Poetic devices :-

       The language of the poem is very lucid and  simple . It is very easy to understand . It is free from artificiality of a typical poetic expression . It is written in a free verse .

        The  figures of speech  used in the poem help to enhance the beauty of the poem . 

The figures of speech used in this poem are , Metaphor , Paradox, Free Verse , Alliteration and  Repetition .

 In the expression ' Old delicious burdens ',  the figures of speech is paradox . It implies that the poet has many sweet memories of the people and places which he would like to remember forever .

    Skillful use of the figures of speech increases the charm of  the poem .

Special features :

   Whitman separates this poem 

into four separate stanzas . The first stanza contains only 3 lines ; other stanza contains 4 lines . The lines are unrhymed . Phrases like ' light hearted 'and 'querulous criticism ' are interesting . Imageries  such as 'Constellations ' and' Brown path ' are effective .

Message , Values ,Morals in the poem :-

     It teaches us to be optimistic and burden free . It tells the readers that social status is not a barrier , if you want to enjoy the life truly .  People from all categories should come together forgetting the social status .

      

Your opinion about the poem :

    It is an inspirational poem . It encourages the reader to spare Some  time from their domestic attachments  and enjoy the life in the healthy and free world .

_____________________________________      ______Thank You ______

1: 8 Voyaging Towards Excellence

1:8      Voyaging Towards     

                    Excellence

               By Achyut Godbole    

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        Achyut Godbole is  a prolific writer . He has written in various 

genres . His writing style is informative .He became Chemical Engineer from IIT Mumbai in 1972 and headed top management positions in companies of great repute .

  '  Voyaging Towards Excellence '  

is an autobiographical sketch .It is written by Achyut Godbole . In this  sketch he depicts his journey from a middle class school boy to a famous writer .

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            BRAINSTORMING

A2  ( i )  Read the text again and make a list of great Indian and foreign  personalities who had a great impact on Achyut Godbole during his childhood .One is done for you .

Poets     :  Vida Karandikar  ,                                Mangesh Padgaonkar ,

                  Vasant  Bapat .

Writers : Keshavsut  , Mardekar ,

                 Shakespeare , Charles

                 Dickens , Thomas Hardy

Musician:pt. Kumar Gandharv ,Pt.

                  Bhimsen Joshi ,Pt.Jasraj .

Dramatists :  Shakespeare 

painters      : Van Gogh 

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(ii )  Find different techniques used by the Writer to learn Science and Mathematics . One is done for you.

Answer -

a) The writer used to appreciate the inherent beauty of these subjects .

b) He focused on solving problems of these subjects .

c) He found some elegant methods of solving problems.

d)He developed the attitude not to look  at the problem merely for gaining marks in the examination but to seek joy in solving challenging problems .

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(iii) The writer faced numerous problems while communicating in English because -

Answer -

a) He had his entire education in Marathi .

b) He had a very weak vocabulary

c) His pronunciation was terrible.(Vernacular )

d) His construction of English sentences was very awkward .

e) His spoken English was quite pathetic .

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iv)  The writer was completely stumped because his ..........

Answer -

a) Vocabulary was  very weak

b) Spoken English was quite                   pathetic .     

c) Pronunciation was terrible 

d) Construction of sentences was 

      very awkward     

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v) Read the text again and complete the sentences :

Due to the writers pathetic English Speaking style , he ..........................

Answer -

a) Felt quite lonely and                       terrified 

b) had developed  an inferiority 

     complex

c) wanted to run away from IIT and

     Mumbai 

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vi) Complete the following sentences . The writer wanted to achieve mastery in English because---- 

Answer ------

a) he wanted to speak  excellent , 

     elegant , and fluent .

b) he will be able to give several presentation or negotiate many contracts with the CEO,s Directors, or VPs in the US, UK or Australia

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Make a list of different steps that the writer undertook to improve his English speaking skills .

Answer -

a) Started reading English Newspapers and English Novels.

b) Studied etymology ,phonetics ,

  the roots of words and                        pronunciation .

c) Used to stand in front of the              mirror, practiced speaking ,              realised mistakes ,and corrected 

    them all the time .

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viii) Read the text again and describe the writers achievements after achieving mastery over the English language .

Answer--

- His fear for English disappeared.

-He started feeling quite confident 

  about speaking in English at       length with anybody.

- He was able to give several presentations , signed many contracts with CEOs , Directors or

VPs in the US ,UK or Australia .

- He signed contracts worth millions  of dollars worldwide and ran large global software companies .

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b) Go through the text again and complete the table comparing two different phases of life of the writer    - as an MD  or Chief Executive officer and an activist  of sarvodaya movement .

Answer -

MD  or Chief Executive Officer--

- Head of the company for 23 years

- Traveled all over the globe                 around  150 times  for business.

- Written 4 books on Information         and Technology and translated 

   into Chinese for global                         distribution .

Activist of Sarvodaya Movement--

-Participated in peaceful     satyagraha

- went to jail for 10 days .

-Jobless for a while .

- worked as a supervisor in a     mechanical Workshop for Rs 125

  Per month

- changed 13 houses in Mumbai           before to settle in IT Sector .

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A3  (i)  Fill in the blanks  selecting the correct phrase from the alternatives given. One is done for you .

Answers -----

a) By the end of the Week  She was beginning       to feel  at home        in

her new jobs .

b) When he lost his mother  he was completely broken .

c) Traveling can help to broaden one's horizon 

d) After my retirement I Started 

My second innings as a social worker .

e) Having faith in God   keep one going in difficult situation .

f)  To succeed in any competitive examination ,one requires a sea of knowledge .

g ) The simple village girl felt out of place in a formal party .

h) The work done by Sindhutai Sapkal touched the hearts of millions .

i) The teacher speaks at  length  explaining the concept .

j) The speaker was completely stumped by the intelligent questions asked by the audience .

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( ii )  Read the text  again and find out all the words related to the game of cricket . List two meanings of each . One is done for you .

Words related to the game of cricket --------

1) Second innings :-

Meanings  :

General : the second phase of life of an individual where he / she / starts / pursues a new or different career or the post retirement life 

Cricket : When a team comes to bat for the second time in a test match .

2) Word ----related to cricket 

running :

Meanings :

1) General meaning :-

   An exercise / an athletic event .

2) Cricket meaning :-

    After heating the ball , the two batsman run between the wickets .

3) Teamwork 

General meaning :-

 efforts of group in a particular field .

Cricket meaning :

   Efforts  made by the whole team .

4) Target 

General meaning :-

Goal / objectives that is to be achieved in one's life .

Cricket meaning :-

 Runs made by a  opponent team .

5) Hundred 

General meaning :-

  A numerical 

Cricket meaning :-

 Runs

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(iii)  Go through the text and find the antonyms of the words given in the grid and fill in the blanks . One is done for you .

 Unlucky.   × lucky 

Solution     × problem

Trust          × doubt 

Confident  × Cowardice

Advanced  × after

Blockhead × genius

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A 4  ( i ) Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals according to the situations given in the following sentences .

1) Take an umbrella . It   will rain .

2) People should / must  walk on the grass.

3) May I ask you question ?

4) The signal has turned red . You should/must have to  wait .

5) I was a sportsperson in my school days . I used to play badminton .

6) I am going to the library. I  shall  find my friends there .

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(iii) Do as directed and rewrite the sentences .

a) I did not fully understand their discussions but I was immensely impressed. ( Remove ' but ' )

Ans :

Though I did not fully understand their discussions , I was immensely impressed .

b) I had decided that I would do nothing of this sort .( Remove ' that'  )

Ans :

I had decided to do nothing of this sort .

c) My fear had vanished and I started feeling at home in my hostel .

Answer :

When my fear had vanished , I started feeling at home in my hostel .

d) It was only my self esteem which stopped me. ( Remove ' which '.)

Answer :

(Only ) My self esteem stopped me.

e) I plunged into all these branches of knowledge . It was a period of renaissance ( join with ' which')

Answer :

I plunged into all these branches of knowledge which was a period of renaissance .

f) When I look back  , there are number of lesson that I Cherish .

( Remove  'when ')

g) There are hundreds who tell me that they understood the theory of relativity . ( Remove ' who ')

 Answer :

There are hundreds to tell me that they understood the theory of relativity .

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______________Thank You ___________

                      

                

                      

1:7 - Why We Travel

1:7  Why We Travel

                           -     Pico Iyer

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About the Writer :

 Siddarth Pico Raghavan  Iyer , is known as Pico Iyer . He is a British born American Essayist and Novelist . He is best known for his travel writing .He has authored several books.He has won and awarded many prizes .

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    ' Why We Travel ,' is an classic essay , written by Pico Iyer . In this essay he explores the reasons for his passion to travel . He shares his experience with the readers . This extract inspires the readers who are looking for the adventures in their lives .

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               BRAINSTORMING

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A1 Read the first two paragraphs and discuss the need to travel .

Answer ----

              We travel , to loose ourselves ; to find ourselves ; to open our hearts and eyes ; to learn more about the world  ; to remove the ignorance ;  to get the knowledge ; and  to remain young in the whole life.

Travel guides us in maintaining a better balance between wisdom and compassion of seeing the world .

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A2 (i) Read the sentence  ' If  a diploma can famously ............  in

cultural relativism .' Pick the sentence which gives the meaning of the above statement from the alternatives given below .

a) A diploma certificate can be used as a passport and a passport can be used as a diploma certificate .

b) If one has a diploma , he does not need a passport  and if he has a passport , he does not need a diploma .

c)  Once can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on her academic achievements and traveling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world .

Answer   ----.  ( C )

   The meaning of the above statement is the alternative  ,                ( C)

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(ii) Prepare a list of the litterateurs and their quotations mentioned by the writer in the essay .

Answer -

The litterateures and their quotations are as below :

Hazlitt  :    " gentlemen in the                                  parlour "

Oliver Cromwell : " A man never goes so far as when he doesn't know where he is going ."

Christopher Isherwood : " The ideal travel book , should be perhaps a little like a crime story in which you're in a search of something ."

Emerson    : " Traveling is a fool's                               paradise ."

Thoreau    : " traveled a good deal                            in Concord ."

Sir Thomas Browne :

    "We carry within us the wonders we seek without us . There is Africa  and her prodigies in us . " 

 George Santayana  :

     " There is wisdom in turing as often as possible from the familiar to  the unfamiliar ; it keeps the mind nimble ; it kills prejudice ,and it fosters humour . "

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(iv) Read the third paragraph and find the difference between tourist and a traveller as revealed through the complaints made by them .

Answer:

A tourist is just someone who complains , " Nothing here is the way it is at home ," while a traveler is one who grumbles  , " Everything

here is the same as it is in Cairo - or

Cuzco or Kathmandu's ." It is all very much the same .

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A3 - ( i ) 

  Read carefully the following sentences from the text and underline the phrasal verb .

a)We travel , then ,in part just 

   to shake up our complacencies.

Answer :-  Shake up

b) Abroad is the place where we           stay up late .

Answer :-     Stay up

c) I remember , in fact  , after my first trip to  Southeast Asia ,more than a decade ago. how I would come back to my apartment in New York .

Answer:-   Come back

d) All , in that sense , believed in , 

     "being moved "......

Answer :-     believed in

c) But there is , for the traveller at least ,the sense that learning about home and ..........

Answer:-     learning about

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A 4  (i)  Read the following sentences carefully from the text and find out the infinitives .

a) We travel , initially , to lose ourselves ; and we travel , next ,     to find ourselves  .

Answer :-   to lose ;  to find 

b) We travel to bring what little we can .......

Answer :-     to bring 

c) Yet one of the subtler beauties of travel is that it enables you.               to bring  new eyes to the people you encounter .

Answer :-     to bring

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ii) Combine two sentences into one.

     You may use the word given in          the brackets .

a) I go to Iceland .I visit the lunar spaces within me . ( to)

Answer :-

   I go to Iceland to visit the lunar         spaces within me .

b) We have the opportunity. We

     come into contact with more             essential parts of ourselves .(of)

Answer :-

   We have the opportunity of coming into contact with more essential parts of ourselves .

c) Romantic poets inaugurated an era of travel .They were great apostles of open eyes .  ( being )

Answer :-

Being great apostles of open eyes ,

Romantic poets inaugurated an era of travel .

d) The travel spins us around .It shows us the sights and values ordinarily ignored . ( showing )

Answer:-

   Showing us the sights and values ordinarily ignored , The travel spins us around .

------------------------------------------------------

iii)  Read the sentences given below and state whether the underlined words are gerunds or present participles .

a) As it's a hot day , many people are swimming .

Answer :-  Gerund .

b) This is a swimming pool .

Answer:-   Present participle 

c) It's very bad that children are begging .

Answer :-   Gerund 

d)  Begging is a curse on humanity .

Answer :-  Gerund 

------------------------------------------------------

A7   Find information about :

a) Fa Hien  :-  A Chinese buddhist Monk who traveled on foot from China to India .

b) Huen  Tsang  :- The Chinese traveller visited India during the period of emperor Harsha

c) Ibn Batua :-  A Moroccan muslim scholar and traveler .

d) Marco Polo :-  A Venetian merchant ( Venice ,Italy )

e) Sir Richard Burton :- a British traveler , explorer , translator ,spy ,

Poet ,diplomat and soldier .

________________________________________________Thank You ______________

        

4:4 The Sign Of Four

         4:4  The Sign Of Four

Introduction :

     ' The Sign Of Four ', is  written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . He is a British writer .

     The Novel begins with the discussion of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson . Soon Mary Morstan visits   Holmes' office ,  to seek his advice . Mary tells Holmes the story of her father's disappearance and receiving the precious Pearls . Sherlock Holmes , the detective , starts  investigation along  with Dr.Watson and Morstan  . The trio leave the place in a search of  getting the answers of various questions . Finally , they succeeds in their attempt and finds the truth.

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               BRAINSTORMING

                   CHARACTER :

A1 (i) Read the extract again and complete the web  by highlighting the qualities of the following characters

1) Dr. Watson : empathetic 

                            intelligent

                            lack in observation

                            human

2) Sherlock Holmes:

                            brilliant

                            adventures

                            less emotional

                            Keen eye

                            intelligent

3)Mary Morstan :

                            amiable

                             sweet

                             simple

                             plain

                             firm

                             sensitive

-----------------------------------------------------

(ii) Describe the character  of  Mary  Morstan from Dr . Watson's point of view .

Answer : 

        Mary Morstan  is  a 27 year old young lady. She is sweet and amiable . She brings the case to Holmes and Watson's attention. She has been searching unsuccessfully for her father and has received several mysterious pearls in the mail .She is a  well dressed young lady . She has  a pale skin .She is working as a governance  . Her mother died soon after Mary's birth. She is educated in England.   She is not greedy. She is not interested in the treasure .She becomes happy when she finds the chest empty . At the end of the story, Watson proposes her. She accepts her proposal .

----------------------------------------------------

iii ) Sherlock Holmes is the leading character in the extract. Explain.

Answer :

 Sherlock Holmes is a leading character in the extract .He is a brilliant detective . He worked as a consulting detective for 23 years and 17 of those were with his true friend  Dr. Watson .He has a Keen eye for every details . He is known for his disguises,  his logical deduction and his early use of forensic science . He is deeply concerned with his own mental stimulation and tries to keep his mind occupied . He shows little emotion and only really cares about the facts of the case .

---------------------------------------------------

iv)  Dr. Watson , the narrator, is one of the major characters in the Novel . Illustrate.

Answer :

           John Watson is  one of the major characters in the Novel.He is Holmes partner and roommate . He was a doctor in army and had a bullet in his leg which can occasionally impede his movement.

He is also a very good shot . He has a very strong sense of honour and discretion . On occasion, he tries to solve cases without Holmes ,with a limited degree of success .He is more empathetic and human counterparts to Holmes . He is very intelligent , but lacking in  powers of observation. Watson is later married to Miss Mary Morstan.

-----------------------------------------------------

(v) Holmes is always one step ahead of Dr. Watson in solving cases . Elucidate .

Answer :

       Sherlock Holmes is a brilliant detective with an exceptional keen eye for details .He is known for his disguises, his logical deduction and his early use of forensic science. He is deeply concerned with his own mental stimulation and tries to keep his mind occupied . Holmes shows little emotion and only really cares about the facts of the case. This separates him from a common man and makes him seem different .

Where as Watson is intelligent but lacking in powers of observation.

That's why. Holmes is always one step ahead of Dr.Watson .

--------------------------------------------------

                    

                       PLOT

A2 -(i)  Arrange the sentences in correct sequence as per their occurrence in the extract .

Jumbled Sentences :

1) Holmes put a revolver in his               pocket.

2) Holmes gave Winwood's book

    ' Martyrdom of man ' to  Dr.              Watson .

3) Mary received a large and                    lustrous Pearl through the post.

4) Mary's Father was an officer in        an Indian regiment .

5) Mary Morstan was a well                   dressed young lady .

Correct sequence :

1) Mary Morstan was a well                  dressed young lady .

2) Mary's Father was an officer in         an Indian regiment .

3) Mary received a large and                   lustrous Pearl through the post .

4) Holmes gave Winwood's book ,         ' Martyrdom of man to' Dr.                 Watson

5) Holmes put a revolver in his              pocket.

------------------------------------------------------

(ii) Discuss the importance of the following statements from the light of the extract .

a) The trio - Holmes , Dr. Watson and Mary decide to visit Lyceum Theatre .

Ans :-  The trio decides to visit Lyceum Theatre for further investigation . As the letter hints that some injustice has been done to Miss Mary , and allowed for  bringing two friends along with her ,the trio decide to visit Lyceum Theatre .

Through this , Holmes gets a chance to understand the further story from Thaddus  about the pearls and hidden treasure deeply . To the other hand ,  Dr. Watson got an opportunity to accompany Miss. Mary . In the end Watson falls in love with Mary .

---------------------------------------------------

(b)  Mary  received Pearls every year on the same day .

Ans :-

It shows that someone among the culprits ,is loyal to Miss Mary's Father . He  used to send lustrous Pearls to Miss Mary as a kind of apology .

c)  Holmes carefully examined the paper given by Mary .

Ans:- For further investigation it was necessary  to find out the address and name of the mysterious person.

 

------------------------------------------------------

                      SETTING

A3   (i)  

       Cite various references ( lines )

from the extract that tell us about the time and period of the events .

Ans:-

Lines from the extract  :

 1)   In the year 1878 my father , who was senior Captain of his regiment,

obtained twelve months leave and came home .

Time    :    1878

Period :     12 months

2) ' He disappeared upon the 3rd of December ,1878. - nearly 10 year ago .

Time    :    1878

Period :     10 years

3) " I have not yet described to you the most singular part . About six years ago  - to be exact , upon the 4th of May ,1882 an advertisement appeared in the Times asking for the address of Miss Mary .........

Time     :   4th of May ,1882 .

Period  :    six years ago .

------------------------------------------------------

(ii)  How does the series of actions go from London to India ? Explain by citing references from the extract .

 Answer :

          Holmes and Dr. Watson  are whiling away the time at their residence in Baker Street , when a visitor arrives . It is miss Mary Morstan and she asks them to help her in unfolding the mystery of receiving pearls and disappearance of her father from the last 10 years.  

During the investigation , Holmes and Watson seems to be rushing from one London location to another. They start from Baker Street at number 221b. From  Baker Street

they travel to Lyceum Theatre. From Lyceum Theatre they are taken on a cab ride to various unknown part of London.The journey ends in  Brixton .

   In India the story takes place with indian rebellion of 1857 . Mary's Father was an  officer  along with Major Shalto in an Indian regiment.

They were in command on troops at the Andaman Islands . Small was a soldier in India and lost his right leg to crocodile while bathing in the Ganges. The Indian rebellions forced to flee for his life to Agra Fortress . Small become an accomplice in the Agra treasure and got penal servitude on the Andaman Islands.

------------------------------------------------------

(iii) The extract begins when Mary Morstan meets Sherlock Holmes at his house . After that Holmes , Dr. Watson  and Mary visits some places in London . Explain in details the various places mentioned in the extract .

Answer :

The places  are ----- London ------

Baker Street ---- Lyceum Theatre ----Vincent Square ---- Vauxhall Bridge Road --------Surrey side ---------------

Wordsworth Road -----Priory Road------Robert Street ---Cold Harbour -----

Edinburgh --------- Brixton ----- The Thames river side ,  etc .

------------------------------------------------------

(iv) Basically the setting of the extract is in London but it has some references of India ,too . Explain how the settings of the extract contribute to the theme of the novel .

Answer :

 The Novel has a complex Plot  - the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , a stolen treasure and a secret pact among four convicts ( ' the four  ' of the title ) and two corrupt prison guards .

The theme of the novel revolves around the Agra treasure . Small is one of the accomplice .He was a soldier in India . Mary's Father  was an Officer in an Indian regiment.

 Major Sholto  and Mary's Father were friends .Both of them were in Command of the troops at the Andaman Islands .

 The whole story moves around Agra , Andaman islands and The Ganges . Thus the Indian Setting contributes the    theme of the novel .

------------------------------------------------------(v) Describe in brief the importance of the following places in the extract.

a) London :

     A city , where Sherlock Holmes , Dr. Watson , Mary Morstan ,and Sholto family lives .

The whole story moves in and around the city .

b) Lyceum Theatre :

A  meeting place , where Sherlock Holmes , Watson and Miss Mary go to meet the unknown person who has called Mary to give her justice. 

 c) Edinburgh : a place in London

d) Agra :

     

    The theme of the novel revolves around the Agra treasure .It directly and adversely affects every character of the novel . The conspiracy take place here and the whole story moves around it .

e) Andaman Islands :

    It is the place where Small  got penal servitude .

------------------------------------------------------

vi) Which places /cities in India and England are mentioned / have appeared in the extract ?

Answer -

Cities /places appeared from India are ;

Agra = Where  the Indian Rebellion gave Small   a choice of being killed or being an accomplice in the robbery .

Andaman Islands = Small got penal servitude .

Ganges = Small lost his leg to crocodile while swimming .

Places of London :

Baker Street = residence of Holmes;. 

Lyceum Theatre = meeting place , where Holmes and his company went to see the unknown person .

Edinburgh ,Rochester Row , Vincent Square , Vauxhall Bridge Road , Wordsworth Road ,Lark Hall Lane , Stock well place 

-----------------------------------------------------

                  

               ....  THEME...

A4 (i) Write in brief the theme of the extract .

Answer-

               The theme of the extract revolves around the Agra treasure.

Throughout the story ,the appearance of the treasure leads to a direct change in the lives of characters .The shallowness of wealth and the destruction is also seen throughout the novel . Agra treasure brought nothing but bad luck to anyone who came in touch with it . The only exception to this is Miss Mary .  She receives some pearls from the Agra treasure , but nothing  happens to her .

------------------------–-----------------------------

ii) Write 4-5 sentences about the meeting of Miss Morstan with Holmes .

Answer -

                Dr. Watson and Sherlock Holmes were discussing on general issues .  Miss Mary  Morstan interrupts them . She has a case for Sherlock Holmes to solve .She tells him about her father's disappearance under a mysterious circumstances some ten years ago.

She informs him of receiving a lustrous pearls and a letter instructing her to meet the unknown person to Lyceum Theatre . Sherlock Holmes promise to help her in solving her father's case .

----------------------------------------------------

(iv)   Give reasons. :

(a)  Miss Morstan plans to meet Sherlock Holmes .--------------------

Reason ----

   In order to take his advice ,  in the case  of , her father's disappearance , receiving pearls through mails ,  and visiting to Lyceum Theatre.

------------------------------------------------------

(b) Miss Morstan gives the reference of Mrs. Cecil Foster .

Reason -----

     It is because ,  Mrs. Cecil had some domestic complications .  Holmes helped her to unravel it .  She was much impressed by his kindness and skill .

------------------------------------------------------

(c) It's a singular case ...............

Reason ---

Miss Mary told Holmes that her mother is died and her father is disappeared from the last 1o years .

After this , Holmes asked Mary if her father had been any friends in town . She told him about Major Sholto .To this , Holmes remarked "a singular case ".

------------------------------------------------------

(d) Holmes needed some references............

Reason ---    because the characters in handwriting  were confusing to reach to any judgement . 

-----------------------------------------------------

(e) Miss Morstan received a pearl every year .....................

Reason -

    John Sholto and Mary Morstan's father were friends . Both of them were in command of troops at the Andaman islands . They were partners in stolen treasure of Agra.  Sholton returned  England with the stolen treasure . After some days Mary's Father returned  England .  

He went to Sholto to demand his share of the stolen treasure .Sholto refused to do so .They argued. Mary Morstan's father suffered a heart attack . Sholton felt sorry for it .He decides to send some valuables from the stolen treasure to Mr. Morstan's daughter .

Since that date he had been sending Mary the pearls as a kind of apology .

-----------------------------------------------------

(f)  The coachman confirmed that neither of Miss Morstan's  companion  was a police officer ......

Reason -----

It is because it was a matter of stolen treasure . The unknown person wanted to distribute it among them.

------------------------------------------------------

     

                   LANGUAGE

ii) Following are some dialogues of the major characters in the extract.

Find out who the speaker is , his / her tone , style , significance, etc .of the dialogue .

Dialogue :

   ".... You have once enabled my employer , Mrs .Cecil Forrester , to unravel a little domestic complication. She was much impressed by your kindness and skill  ".

Answer :

Speaker :

                 Miss Mary Morstan 

To whom it is said ........

                It is said to Holmes

Tone   :

       Requesting

------------------------------------------------------

Dialogue :

     " You will I am sure , excuse me "

Speaker : 

                  Sherlock Holmes

To whom it is said  :

                             Miss Mary Morstan

Tone  : embracing

----------------------------------------------------

Dialogue   :

 "  Your statement is more interesting .Has anything else occurred to you ?"

Speaker   : Sherlock Holmes

To whom it is said   :

                 Miss Mary Morstan

Tone   : Persuasive

------------------------------------------------------

Dialogue  :

  " Are you the parties who come with Miss Morstan ? "

Speaker   : 

                   Coachman

To whom it is said  :

                      Miss Mary Morstan

Tone   :

             Questionable

------------------------------------------------------

Dialogue  :

" The sahib awaits you ".

Speaker    :. 

                  Cab man

To whom it is said   :

                  

              Miss Mary Morstan

Tone    :

               Modest

------------------------------------------------------

--------------Thank You -----------------------

       

                

4:3 Around The World In Eighty Days

4:3 Around The World In                 Eighty  Days

                         By - J.G. Verne

-----------------------------------------------------

                         THEME

    The Novel is full of adventures and excitement. The main   characte  in this Novel is Phileas  Fogg .Once he reads the news in The 'Daily Telegraph ' ,about taking a round to the world, in eighty days. He bets with his  friends  to go around the world in eighty days.The wager is 20,000 pounds. He accepts the challenge. To accomplish this task ,  he goes through various lands and meets with diverse adventures.

      The most important feature of this novel is ' Time '. It illustrates repeatedly that time is fickle and either works in favour or against them. In many cases time foils their plans. 

      In the end , Fogg wins the bet and 20,000 wager .

------------------------------------------------------

              Important message

 The ultimate message is that no one can control time ; Time will work the way it wants to work, and humans are at its Mercy.

------------------------------------------------------

          BRAINSTORMING

                CHARACTER 

A1 - ( i)

    Which one among the following is not a major Character of the Novel ? Justify.(select the correct one )

a ) Phileas Fogg        b) Sounds

c)James strand                                      d) James   Passepartout    

Answer :

(C ) - James     Strand

   He is a robber and arrested on         17 th  of December.

----------------------------------------------------  

ii) Complete the table highlighting the various traits of the major characters in the extract.

Answer :

1) Phileas Fogg :

            Honest , Courageous ,Calm , Careful , generous , brave , Clever Forgiveness, Sincere , Firmness , holiest , Marvellous , Cool ,firm 

2)Aouda             :

    Cold , overwhelming ,  Pensive , Calm , Content , Loving , pitiful , Sympathetic , Patience , Sincere , Rectitude , Firmness , Sweetness , Daring ,

3) Passepartout  :

    Faithful ,  Careful , Obedient , Consciousness , Pensive ,   rueful ,  Sincere , Gentle , Vigorous , Loyal ,

Crazy ,

4) Detective Fix :

    Sincere , dutiful , Vigorous ,

  

-----------------------------------------------------  

(iii)   Phileas Fogg is as cool as a cucumber whereas Passepartout is crazy as a loon . Explain the statement by citing some references from the extract .

Answer :

Phileas Fogg  accepts the challenge to go around the world in eighty days . During the journey he visits various lands and meets with diverse adventures. Many times , in the journey  While facing the adverse situation  , he remains cool  and tackles the situation tenderly. Where as  Passepartout  seems  to be little crazy .

In the case of Fogg's arrest , he found motionless, calm and without apparent anger. But in the same case, Passepartout wept till he was blind and felt like blowing his brains out .

-----------------------------------------------------

iv) Detective Fix tried hard but could not fix the charge of robbery on Fogg. Explain the statement from the point of view of Fix.

 

Answer :

       Shortly before Fogg's departure to the world tour , someone resembling him had robbed a bank

and Fogg's sudden exit leads London police to believe that  he was a bank robber . To arrest Fogg ,

Fix who is a detective ,  is sent .

      As soon as he arrives in Liverpool , Fix  arrests  him .

     Several hours later , Fix learns that another man was responsible for the bank robbery and releases Fogg .Thus Fix could not  fix the charge of robbery on Fogg.

----------------------------------------------------

v) Describe the character sketch of Aouda  from Fogg's point of view .

Answer :

        Aouda is a only Indian character  in the Novel ,' Around  The World In Eighty Days . ' She is an Indian princess , who is forcibly married to an old rajah after her father's death .When the rajah died, she was forced to commit 

' Suttee ', - that is sacrifice of wife's life on the funeral pyre of the husband's.

Fogg and his company sees this horrible picture of killing someone alive and decides to save her from death. Passepartout saves her life. Aouda accompanies Fogg in his further journey and  gradually falls in love with Fogg . At the end of the story , she got married  with Fogg.

----------------------------------------------------

                        PLOT

A2 (i)  Arrange the incidents in correct sequence as per their occurrence in the extract .

a) Aouda accepted Fogg's proposal       of marriage .

b) When set free , the first thing             that Fogg did was he knocked           Fix down .

c) As a part of duty , Fix arrested 

     Fogg.

d) At the fifty-seventh second , Fogg

     entered the Reform Club Saloon.

Answer :

   C  ;     b  ;    d   ;     a 

------------------------------------------------------

ii) There is a sudden twist  in the climax of the Novel . Explain by citing some lines  and relevant examples from the extract .

Answer :  As soon as Phileas Fogg and his companions arrives in  Liverpool , Fix arrests Fogg in the case of bank robbery . He  is thrown in jail . Several hours later, Fix learns that another man was responsible for the bank robbery,  he release him . Fogg wants to reach London as early as possible . When he sees there is no train immediately for London ,he books  a special train  . He wanted to reach on Saturday ,the 21st of December at a quarter before nine  in the evening . Everything was finished .

Fogg had lost the bet .

  Next day , when Passepartout goes to the clergymen to take his appointment for Fogg and Aouda's marriage ceremony ,  there he learns  that  it was a Saturday and not a sunday, and had arrived before 24 hours to finish the  deadline of the bet . He drags his master Phileas  Fogg , book a taxi cab and reaches the Reform Club on time . Finally Fogg wins the bet.

------------------------------------------------------

iii ) Which of the following is an appropriate reason for Phileas Fogg starting his journey around the world.

a) Fellow members bet Fogg .

b) Fogg bets his fellow members.

c) Fog wants to marry Aouda.

d) Fog committed robbery.

Answer :

b ; Fogg bets his fellow members. 

----------------------------------------------------

                     

                     SETTING

A3  ( i )  Which of the following are used as a means of transport in the Novel ? How do they help the characters in the extract ? 

a) Elephant         b) Horse 

c) Train                d) Steamer 

Answer : Elephant , Train and Steamer are used as a means of transport in the Novel.

       They helped the characters in the following way ;

Elephant :- On the way towards his journey to Calcutta ; 

Fogg and Passepartout planned to depart for Calcutta by train.On their journey to Calcutta , the train stopped at the village Kholby . Where Fogg learns that the next 50 miles rail track is incomplete.The passengers have to manage by themselves to find their own way to Allahabad. From Allahabad passengers can resume train service.

 As there was no other way to reach Allahabad  ,  The Protagonist purchased an Elephant and hired a parsi  man as a guide and elephant driver to reach Allahabad.

Train : The Protagonist preferred to go by train for the following destinations , 

    1) From    London to Dover and            Calais 

 2).  From Mumbai (Bombay) to               Calcutta

3).   From Sanfransisco to New York .

4).   From  Liverpool to London

Steamer :

For the following destinations ,the Protagonist preferred Steamer.

1)From Dover /Calais  To France ;

2) Suez           To       Bombay            

3) Calcutta     To      Hong Kong

4)Hong Kong To     Shanghai

5) Shanghai    To    Yokohama

6) Yokohama  To    Sanfransisco 

7) Bordeau     To   Liverpool

---------------------------------------------------

ii) The beginning of the extract is a scene in the prison at the custom house . From there the Novel moves further from one place to another . Pick and explain all the places where the incidents took place .

Answer :

  1) Custom house -  ( Fogg                         imprisoned )

  2) Saville Row (House Of Fogg ,            in London)

  3) Aouda's room (apologies Aouda         for bringing to England )

  4) Edinburgh (James Strand ,a               real bank robber had been                 arrested on 17 December at                Edinburgh ) 

  5) Pall Mall  and neighbouring              street ( people gathered , every          where disputes, discussion ,and       financial transactions over Fogg 

  6) Saloon of the great Reform                 Club  ( 5 antagonist of Fogg                 are anxious, waiting for the               moment   )

 8) Clergyman's house 

9) Reform Club (this is the place where Fogg  wanted to reache to meet his friend to show that he has won the bet .)

8) marriage took place between            Fogg and Aouda .

Fogg has won his wager and had made his journey around the world in eighty days .

-----------------------------------------------------

iii ) Describe the importance  of the 

    following places  in the                        development of the plot and              behaviour of the characters .

a) Liverpool :  It is the most important place in the development of the story. This is the place where Fix succeeds to  arrests Fogg  in the case of bank robbery. Fogg is imprisoned in the custom house and however ,he was  in the prison for several hours.

Due to Fogg's arrest , he missed the train bound to London ,and couldn't meet the deadline of bet. Due to all this incidents , a twist comes in the story.

b) London - It is the most important place in the development of the story .

 The Beginning and  the concluding part of the Novel takes place in London .

In the beginning , The Protagonist bet with his friends in the Reform Club that he will complete the journey of the world in eighty days.

In the concluding , Fogg wins the bet of 20,000, pounds.

c) Reform Club -   It is the place where the Protagonist and the  five antagonist meets every day . 

d)Saville Row - It is a house of Phileas Fogg . It is in the London city . 

e) Edinburgh - It is the place where,

James Strand , the real robber, was arrested on 17 December.

------------------------------------------------------

iv)   Select the correct options :

 Which of the following place /s in India is / are not mentioned in the extract of the Novel.

a) Bombay ( Now, Mumbai )

b) Allahabad

c) Chennai

d) Calcutta ( Now , Kolkata )

Answer :

 ( C) Chennai 

----------------------------------------------------

                    THEME

A4 - (i)  Write 4 - 5 sentences on the 

 ' Time ' , theme Of the extract .

Answer :

       The most important theme in this novel is  ' Time ' .  Fogg's  wager

is a race against time . His adventures illustrates that time is fickle. It either works for or against them. In many cases Time foils their plans . Due to delay, ships and train leave without them. In the end , Time turns out to be and Fogg wins his bet .

Ultimate message is that  No one can control time ; Time will work the way it wants to work and humans are at its Mercy . 

-----------------------------------------------------

(ii) Write 4 - 5 sentences on the 

   ' Morality ' theme of the extract.

Answer :

The best example of Morality theme is that Fogg apologizes Aouda for being unable to provide her comfort  . It is because Aouda is a queen and had quite habitual to live in comfort .As Fogg looses the wager , he is unable to provide her the comfort and luxury .So he apologize Aouda . It is the moral of the Protagonist to accept the reality humbly . 

----------------------------------------------------

(iii) Write the central idea of the given extract of the Novel ,

 ' Around The World In Eighty Days'

Answer --- The  central idea of the given extract  can be any one of the following  -------

          a)    No one can control time ; 

Time will work the way it wants to work , and humans are at its mercy.

          (b) ' Quitters never win and winners never quit .

          ( c ) ' Time is the only solution to problems '.

-----------------------------------------------------

(v) Justice is served /done in the end . Explain .

Answer -

         As soon as  Fogg , Aouda ,and Passepartout arrive in London , Fix

arrests Fogg. He is thrown in jail . Fogg and company is disappointed because they are late and couldn't meet the deadline , to reach on the decided time .

But in the end , Passepartout learns that they are not at all late and   It is the mistake in counting the days . Passepartout races the home , and grab Phileas Fogg by the collar . Finally , he presents  himself with minutes to spare  and wins the bet .

He not only wins the bet but also the heart of a  " charming " young woman , Aouda .

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                  LANGUAGE

A5  ( i i ) Following are some dialogues  of the major characters in the extract. Find out who the speaker is , his / her tone etc. ,of the dialogue .

Dialogue :

 1) " Why do you not curse me ?  It was my fault that  - "

Speaker :

Passepartout.

Who said to whom :

Passepartout said to Phileas Fogg .

Tone :

Pensive 

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2) Dialogue :

  " If Phileas Fogg had come in the 7:23 train , he would have got here by this time . We can therefore , regard the bet as won ."

Speaker :

 Andrew Stuart .

Who said to whom :

Andrew Stuart said to his friends who are antagonist of Fogg.

Tone :

determination .

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3) " Sir - forgive me - a most - unfortunate resemblance - robber arrested three days ago - you - are free !"

Speaker :

The detective , Mr. Fix .

Who said to whom :

Fix said to Fogg .

Tone :

Repenting

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4) " Will you pardon me for bringing you to England ?"

Speaker :

Phileas Fogg .

Who said to whom :

Phileas Fogg said to Aouda 

Tone :

Forgiveness

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5) " It is for me to ask the question .

You were ruined , but now you are rich again ."

Speaker :

Aouda ,

Who said to whom :

Aouda said to Phileas Fogg .

Tone 

Happy .

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__________ Thank You .____________