Ganesh Deshmukh: August 2020

Sunday, 23 August 2020

3 : 1 Summary Writing

3 :1 Summary Writing

What is summary Writing ?

To express in brief the main points of a written record , is the summary Writing .

Purpose ?

The purpose of the summary is to give the reader a clear , objective picture of the original text .

Important about summary :

Summary restates only the main points of a text or a lecture without giving examples or details, such as dates , numbers or statistics.

Steps for summary Writing :-

1) Read the article twice .

2)Ask question about the purpose of writing .

3) Identify the main idea .

4) Write the rough draft first .

5) Read the first draft and edit it , do changes if required .

6) Write the final draft

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DOs of summary Writing :

1) Read and re-read the passage.

2)Find exactly what you need to summarise .

3) Form short sentences .

4) Remove repetitive words and sentences .

5)Omit examples or details .

6) Avoid your own interpretation.

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Don'ts of summary Writing

1) Don't include irrelevant information

2) Don't exclude important points.

3) Don't add additional information

4) Don't comment

5) Don't give examples .

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Friday, 21 August 2020

2:6 Money Brainstorming

2:6 Money

By - William H. Davies

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About the poet -

William H. Davies was a Welsh poet . He spent a significant part of his life in wandering in the United Kingdom and the United States.He worked as a peddler and Street singer in England . After several years of wandering, he published his first volume,'The soul's destroyer and other poems'.

About the poem -

It is a story of a rich man who wants to be a poor man to find the real happiness . We realize the importance of money, when we become poor . When the poet was a rich man , many friends were knocking his door day and night. But the same friends leave him alone when worse days come .

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BRAINSTORMING

A - 2 - ( i )

State whether the following statements are True or False . Correct the false statements with the help of the poem .

a) The poet knew no joy till he was rich .

Answer - False

The poet realised real joy when he became poor .

b) The poet felt that he should talk about his poverty .

Answer - True

c) When poet had money , he had many true friends .

Answer - False

When poet had money ,he had many false friends .

d) When poet became poor he had a few real friends .

Answer - True

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( i i ) Write reasons for the following statements. -------

(a) Friends came knocking all day at the poet's door .

Answer --

The poet's friends came knocking all day at the poet's door to ask for Money .

he was a rich man . He had a lot of money .He was able to fulfil their all needs . He might have spent money on them lavishly.

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(b) Poor men's wives hum like bees .

Answer -

Poor men's wives hum like bees because they are not satisfied with their husband's earnings. Though their husbands are working day and night , they find it difficult to make both ends meet. they are unable to provide basic needs for their family.They grumble about their earnings.

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(iii) Money makes the world go round . Explain it in the light of the poet's experience .

Answer -

' Money makes the world go round' is a phrase . It means money is extremely important in man's life. it gives you name and fame.

According to the poet , when you have money everyone in the world respect you . Friends moves around you day and night. But the same friends leave you alone when you lose money. The poet realises true happiness in being poor .Poor people are light hearted , They work day and night but fail to get more money . Still , they laugh and enjoy the life. At the end , he realized that true friends are those who remains with you even in your bad times and real happiness lies in being simple and not wealthy.

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A - 3

(i) Find out meanings of the phrases given below and use them in your own sentences .

a) Be in the money

Meaning - To have a lot of money

Sentence - Being rich , they are in the money .

b) Win lots of money

Meaning - To make profit

Sentence - BCCI wins lot of money through the IPL matches

c) For my money

Meaning - in my opinion

Sentence - for my money , begging is better than dying.

d) Money for old rope

Meaning - Money earned without effort

Sentence - He won a lottery of ₹ 5000 .He gets this money for old rope.

e) Put one's money where one's mouth is

Meaning - take actions to support ones opinion

Sentence - It is a time for a chief guest to put his money where his mouth is to generate more funds for hospital building.

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(ii) Complete the crossword with the help of the clues from the poem.

Answer - Across words

1) A brass musical instrument = Trumpet

2) A low Steady continuous sound=

Hum

3) False =

Untrue

4) Say something =

Speak

Answer - Down words

5) Not imaginary = real

6) Ponder = think

7) Stinging insects. =bees

8) In large number. = many

9) Strike a surface noisily =knock

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A - 4 - (i) Complete the following table .

Examples of figures of speech -

1). Inversion

Lines -

(i) I knew no joy till I went poor ;

Explanation -

Prose order is changed. Correct Prose order is ' Till I went poor,I knew no joy ;

(ii) ' Then felt I like a child that holds '

Word order is changed. Correct word order is - Then I felt like a child that holds.

(iii) ' A Trumpet that he must not blow '

- Prose order is changed . Correct Prose order is - 'That he must not blow a Trumpet .

(iv) ' much have I thought of life ,'

- Prose order is changed . Correct Prose order is - I have thought much of life .

(v) ' poor men , think I ,need not go up '

- Prose order is changed . Correct Prose order is - I think , poor men need not go up .

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2) Simile

Lines -

(i) ' Then felt I like a child that holds '

Explanation -

Direct comparison is made between' child ' and the 'Narrator'

(ii) ' And how their wives do hum like bees '

- Direct comparison is made between 'Bees ' and 'Wives '

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3) Repetition

Lines -

(i) ' When I had money , money ,O!'

Explanation - The word ' money is repeated '

(ii) 'I knew no joy till I went poor '

- The word ' I ' is repeated .

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4) Onomatopoeia

Lines -

(i) 'came knocking all day at my door '

Explanation -

The word ' knocking ' expresses sound .

(ii) 'And how their wives do hum like bees '

- The word ' hum ' expresses sound

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5) Antithesis

Lines -

(i) ' About their work from morn till night '

Explanation -

Opposite words 'morn' and ' night' are placed side by side.

(ii)' So, when I hear these poor ones laugh,

And see the rich ones coldly frown '

- The words ' laugh ' and 'frown' are opposite in meaning.

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6) Alliteration

Lines -

(i) 'Formal many a false man as a friend '

Explanation -

Sound of the letter ' 'M' is repeated .

(ii) 'came knocking all day at my door '

- sound of 'a' is repeated.

(iii)'How poor men's hearts are ever light;

- The Sound of 'h' is repeated.

(iv) And how their wives do hum like bees '

- The Sound of 'h' is repeated.

(v) ' So much as rich men should come down '

- Sound of 'M' is repeated.

(vi) ' My many friends proved all Untrue '

- Sound of ' 'M' is repeated.

_____________________________________ A- 4 - ( i i )

Identify the rhyme scheme of all the stanzas of the poem .

rhyme scheme -- : abcb ; defe;

ghih ; jklk ;

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A -5 Write an appreciation of the poem .

2:6 Appreciation of the poem -

'Money '

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About the poem -

The poem 'Money' is written by William H.Davies. He was a Welsh poet .After several years of wandering life , he published his first volume ,'The Soul's Destroyer and other poems' .

The poem 'Money' tells us about the rich man who wants to be a poor man to find the real happiness . When we do not have money or have lost money, We realize how important the money is .

The Theme -

When we do not have money or have lost our money , We realize how important the money is . True friends remain forever with you , if they really love you , and not your money .

The language/Style /poetic devices used in the poem -----

The language of the poem is very easy. It is not ambiguous. There are five stanzas of four lines each .The second line rhymes with the fourth line. The poetic devices like Inversion , Simile , Repetition , Onomatopoeia , Antithesis enhance the beauty of the poem . The rhyme scheme of the poem is abcb ; defe; ghih ; jklk ;. In the last stanza the first line rhymes with the third .

Special features -

The poet has maintained the particular rhyming pattern in the first four stanzas .The second line rhymes with the fourth line .But in the fifth stanza first line rhymes with the third .

Message, values,morals in the poem -

The underlying message in the poem is ,' Money can not give you eternal happiness .It is short lived.It can not purchase true happiness and contentment .

Your Opinion about the poem ----

It is a beautiful poem . It is very easy to understand .It tells us that money is not the solution for everything . It is true that money makes the world go round but it is not the only solution .

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Thank You

____________________________________

Appreciation of;the poem 'Money'

2:6 Appreciation of the poem -

'Money '

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About the poem -

The poem 'Money' is written by William H.Davies. He was a Welsh poet .After several years of wandering life , he published his first volume ,'The Soul's Destroyer and other poems' .

The poem 'Money' tells us about the rich man who wants to be a poor man to find the real happiness . When we do not have money or have lost money, We realize how important the money is .

The Theme -

When we do not have money or have lost our money , We realize how important the money is . True friends remain forever with you , if they really love you , and not your money .

The language/Style /poetic devices used in the poem -----

Special features -

The poet has maintained the particular rhyming pattern in the first four stanzas .The second line rhymes with the fourth line .But in the fifth stanza first line rhymes with the third .

Message, values,morals in the poem -

The underlying message in the poem is ,' Money can not give you eternal happiness .It is short lived.It can not purchase true happiness and contentment .

Your Opinion about the poem ----

It is a beautiful poem . It is very easy to understand .It tells us that money is not the solution for everything . It is true that money makes the world go round but it is not the only solution .

_____________________________________

Thank You

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Wednesday, 19 August 2020

2:5 Father Returning Home

By - Dilip Chitre

----------------------------------------------------About the poet -

Dilip Purushottam Chitre was a notable Indian poet , painter and filmmaker of the modern era .He was felicitated by Sahitya Academi Award for his poetry as well as for his translation work .

___________________________________About the poem -

It is an autobiographical poem. In this poem , the poet shows the loneliness and world-weariness of an old man in the modern society . This poem is taken from the book ' Travelling in a cage ' , It draws the portrait of suburban commuters daily routine .It describes a forced alienation at home .

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Difficult words with their meanings -

Commuters = Those who travel regularly

Slide = to move

Soggy = soaked

Stuffed = packed

Contemplate= think deeply

Estrangement= isolation

Trembles = shakes

Sullen = gloomy

Nomads = members of group

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BRAINSTORMING

A - 1 - ( i ) Discuss with your friends the difficulties faced by the father in the poem .

Answer -

The difficulties faced by the father in the poem are -----

a) While returning home from work he had to travel late in the evening . He even doesn't get a place in a crowded train.

b) During the rainy season he had to wear soaked clothes

c) in a hurry ,had to cross the railway line without bothering about his safety .

d) had to eat stale chapati . His basic requirements were also not catered .

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(ii) Discuss the character sketch of the father with the help of the given points .

( His pathetic condition , the treatment he receives at home , his solitude , the way he tries to overcome it )

Answer -

The father in the poem is the most neglected person . Even though he is the lone bread earner for the family . He Leaves home early in the morning and returns late in the evening . He ate stale food . His eyes are dimmed by age . He works continuously without bothering the rain .His condition is very pathetic .He hurries to reach home by crossing railway lines but at home he is neglected by his children .They refuse to share jokes and secrets with him . He goes into the toilet and thinks deeply about this alienation . To comfort oneself ,he listens the programme on radio and sleeps dreaming of his ancestors and grandchildren .

___________________________________ A - 2 - ( i )

Given below are the ideas conveyed through the poem . Match the pairs and draw out the hidden meaning from those expressions .

Expressions

a ) Children avoid expressing themselves.

b) father was deprived of refreshing hot beverages or nourishing diet .

c) The father hurries home crossing railway lines

d) The father was destined to listen only to the cracking sounds on media .

e) His sordid present is devoid of any hope .

f)The father's endless commuting distance him from his children.

g) Suburban area, visible through the train ,is past unnoticed .

h) He is just as a small word , dropping from a sentence.

i) He doesn't get a place in a crowded train .

Meaning

1) Father is so eager to meet family members that he doesn't bother about his safety .

2) Hostility of children.

3) Indulge into his past and future

4) Uncomfortable journey .

5)His basic daily requirements were also not catered to.

6) Father is not less than any tribal wanderer , a modern nomad.

7) Has least value in the society where his presence or absence might hardly make any difference

8) Because there is hardly any thing enchanting/ interesting in the monotonous routine journey to look out of the window .

9) The father couldn't even fulfil the least expectation of entertaining himself .

Answer -

a= 2 ; b = 5 ; c = 1 ; d = 9 ; e= 3 ; f = 6 ; g = 8 ; h = 7 ; i= 4 ;

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ii) Find the lines to prove the following facts from the poem.

(a) Father is deprived of good food .

Answer -

' Eating a stale chapati , reading a book '

(b) Children did not have a healthy relation with the father.

Answer -

' His sullen children have often refused to share jokes and secrets with him .'

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iii) The poet deals with the theme of man's estrangement from a man-made world. Analyze it with the help of the poem .

Answer -

The poet's father is a commuter. He leaves home early in the morning and returns late in the evening . He accepts the alienation from his family voluntarily because he is the only bread earner of his family . When he hurries towards his home in the the hopes to spend some time with his children . But the hope is diminished as he reaches home , he finds that his bad tempered children refuse to share jokes and secrets with him .He goes into the toilet to isolate himself from the man-made world . To make one's entertainment , he listens radio. Toilet is the only place where the man goes to contemplate over his loneliness .The toilet act as a symbol to show how small his world has been . This father has no significance to anyone else .

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(iv) The father contemplates about his past and peeps into the future. Give reasons .

Answer -

The father contemplates about his past because he has no significance at his own home . Children are bad tempered and refuse to share jokes and secrets with him .He is tired of this alienation .

To find some solace , he contemplates about his past and future .He thinks of his grandchildren . It is an attempt to escape from his mundane routine - life devoid of human contact. He is tired of this man-made world .

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A- 3 - Complete the following using suitable describing words as appeared in the poem with the help of the words given in the brackets :

(weak ,dim ,muddy , soggy ,stale)

a ) Father's attire

b) Father's tea

c) Father's footwear

d) Father's food

e) Father's eyesight

Answer -

a = soggy ; b = weak ; c = muddy;

d = stale ; e = dim

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A - 4 - 'Fade homeward through the humid monsoon night .'

In the above line the weather is humid , not the night .The epithet or adjective is transferred from the weather to the night.This figures of speech is Transferred Epithet .

Find out such other expressions from the poem .

Answer -

1) ' He hurries across the length of the grey platform '

- The epithet 'grey ' is transferred from man( hair's colour) to platform .

2) ' Home again ,I see him drinking weak tea '

- The adjective ' weak ' is transferred from ' person ' to 'tea'.

3) 'The cold water running over his brown hands ',

- The adjective ( epithet)' brown' is transferred from' colour ' to 'hand '.

4) ' His sullen children have often refused to share jokes and secrets with him '.

- The adjective 'sullen' is transferred from 'mans mood ' to ' children '

5)' standing among silent commuters in the yellow light '

- The epithet ' yellow ' is transferred from ' train' to' light'

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(ii) Identify and write the lines from the poem which express the following figures of speech .

Simile -

' Like a word dropped from a long sentence '.

---------------------------------------------------Alliteration -

1) ' Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light ' 2)' Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes ' 3) ' His shirts and pants are soggy and his black raincoat '. 4)' Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books '. 5)' He hurries across the length of the grey platform '. 6)'He goes into the toilet to contemplate '. 7)' Man's estrangement from a man-made world '. 8)' The cold water running over his brown hands'. 9)'A few droplets cling to the greying hair on his wrists '. 10)'Of his ancestors and grandchildren,thinking '

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Onomatopoeia -

1) ' Listening to the static on the radio , dreaming '

- The word ' static ' expresses sound .

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(iii) I see him drinking weak tea, eating a stale chapati .

Here ' stale chapati ' stands for stale food /Non-textual nourishing food or diet , where the part symbolises the whole,i.e. food.Guess the name of the figures of speech .

Answer -. 'Synecdoche '

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A - 5 ( iii )

Appreciation

Write an appreciation of the poem ' Father Returning Home '.

Answer ---

About the poem/poet and the title ------------

' Father Returning Home ' is a poem . It is written by Dilip Chitre .He is a bilingual poet .He is a translator , painter ,film-maker and columnist . In this poem the poet depicts a picture of suburban commuter .It is a story of a hard working father who goes to work early in the morning and returns late in the evening .This leads him alienation from his family. His children too have no time to share jokes and secrets with their father .

Theme -

The theme of the poem is man's estrangement from a man-made world . The poet shows the loneliness and world-weariness of an old man in the modern society by depicting a picture of his own father returning home from work .

Poetic style ----

The poem consists of two stanzas of twelve lines each . The poem is written in a free verse . There is no particular meter or rhyme scheme followed.

The language/poetic devices used in the poem ------

The language of the poem is easy and simple but full of symbolic expressions and poetic devices. It is in a narrative form . The poetic devices used in the poem are Simile , Alliteration , Onomatopoeia 'Synecdoche and transferred epithet . 'going into the toilet ',' The Sound of the radio ' , ' trembling of his hands ' , ' clinging droplets to the greying hair ' are some of the expressions that enhance the beauty of the poem .It is written in a free verse . There is no rhyme scheme followed in the poem .

Special features -----

The poem is full of symbolic expressions . The poem depicts the very painful loneliness of a Father through various symbolic expressions. The poem consists of two stanzas of 12 lines each

Message ,Values , morals in the poem ------------

The poem gives the message that old people are neglected and not cared in the modern society . This modern world has no place for elderly people .No one thinks about their loneliness or care for them .

Your opinion about the poem. ----

It is an eye - opening poem .The pathetic condition of the father, the treatment he receives at home , his solitude and the way, he tries to overcome all this man made problem is beautifully placed before the reader .The use of symbolic expressions such as the ' cracking Sound of the radio' expresses the miserable condition of the old man . To find some solace from this man-made world, he goes in the toilet and he contemplates there . Actually it is an attempt to escape from the human contact and find solace to oneself . Overall it is the best poem , bringing forth the problems of Old age people in the metro cities .

___________________________________________Thank You _______________

2:5 Appreciation of the poem 'Father Returning home '

Appreciation

Write an appreciation of the poem ' Father Returning Home '.

Answer ---

About the poem/poet and the title ------------

Theme -

Poetic style ----

The poem consists of two stanzas of twelve lines each . The poem is written in a free verse . There is no particular meter or rhyme scheme followed.

The language/poetic devices used in the poem ------

Special features -----

The poem is full of symbolic expressions . The poem depicts the very painful loneliness of a Father through various symbolic expressions. The poem consists of two stanzas of 12 lines each

Message ,Values , morals in the poem ------------

Your opinion about the poem. ----

_____________________________________________Thank You _____________

Saturday, 15 August 2020

2:4 Have You Earned Your Tomorrow

2 :4 - Have You Earned Your

Tomorrow BRAINSTORMING

By - Edger Guest

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About the poet -

Edger Guest was an American writer . He was born in England. He was brought to the United States when he was ten years old .He began his writing career in 1895 at the age of fourteen . He is known as ' people's poet '. His style of writing is simple and optimistic .

About the poem :-

This is an inspirational poem In this poem ,the poet is asking the readers whether they have done anything to improve the life of another human being or not.It is up to you whether you will have a better future or not . Therefore one should consider one's actions and deeds carefully and plan accordingly for a better future .

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Difficult words and their meanings ----------

Toiling = Hard work

Utter = express

Churlish = rude

Howdy = an informal friendly greeting

Throng = crowd

Sorely = discomfort

Scar = permanent mark on the skin

Slumber = light sleep

Discontent = lack of satisfaction

___________________________________Figures of speech -----

Interrogation --

Line numbers -- 1 ; 2 ; 3 ;4 ; 5 ; 7; 8; 9; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; and 16

Almost every line of the poem , that ends with a question mark is , an example of the figure of speech , Interrogation .

Remaining lines are , the examples of the figures of speech, Alliteration .

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BRAINSTORMING

A - 2

( i) .....' was it well or sorely spent '? Explain the meaning and give illustrations .

Answer ----

The speaker wants to suggest through this line that any day will be considered as a wasted day , if it is not used , to improve others life . On the other hand, there will be a trail of kindnesses, if the day spent well . We should spend every day of our life , for the betterment of the needy .

___________________________________(ii)

" As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say ,

You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today ? "

Elaborate the idea expressed in these lines .

Answer ----

You must be charitable and compassionate to others . God wants you to take the blessings of others . Keep your heart open and share your love with the other peoples . You should help others with good intentions and forget about it .if you have greeted your friends cheerfully ,if someone is grateful for your deed ,if you have rejoiced a single man ,if you have given a courage to someone and if you have not wasted the day disappointedly ,

If your work is of this type ,or if you are spending your day by this way , God will definitely say you that you have earned one more tomorrow .

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(iii) The poet suggests that one should do good to others . Complete the table by giving examples of doing good to following people .

Answer -

Family members ---

1) I will respect the elders .

2) I will help them in the household work.

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Friends --------

1) I will give a moral support .

2) I will share his grief .

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Neighbours. ------

1) I will not quarrel with them .

2) I will offer them a financial help

___________________________________ A - 3

(i) Pick out the describing words from the poem and add a noun of your own . One is done for you .

1) Toiling time 2) Cheerful morning. 3) Churlish behaviour 4) Selfish boy 5) Simple living 6) Mighty king 7) Grateful deed. 8) Rejoicing happiness 9) Fading colour

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(ii) Match the words given in column A with their meanings in column B .

Answer ----

A B

Cheerful = happy

Selfish =concerned with one's own pleasure

Sorely = with the feeling of disappointment

Discontent = lack of satisfaction

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(iv) Find out expressions / phrases which denote , ' going away ', from each stanza .

One is given below ." Vanish in the throng "

Answer. ---

1) " Passed his way "

2)" Vanish in the throng "

3) " Parting with the days "

4) " Leave a trail "

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A - 4 ( i )

The poet has used different poetic devices like Alliteration and Interrogation in the poem . Identify them and pick out the lines .

Answer ----

Alliteration is used in the following lines -----

1) This day is almost over; and it's toiling time is through .

2) Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today ?

3) Did you waste the day , or lose it ,was it well or sorely spent ?

Examples of Interrogation :-----

1) Is anybody happier because you passed his way ?

2)Does anyone remember that you spoke to him today ?

3)Is there anyone to utter now a kindly word of you ?

4) Did you give a Cheerful greetings to the friend who came along ?

5) Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today ?

6) That you helped a single brother of the many that you passed

7) Does a man whose whose hopes were fading now with courage look ahead ?

8)Did you waste the day , or lose it ,was it well or sorely spent ?

9)Did you leave a trail of kindnesses or a scar of discontent ?

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(ii) The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is 'aabb ' find the rhyme scheme of other stanzas .

Stanza 1 = aabb

Stanza 2= ccaa

Stanza 3= ddee

Stanza 4 = ffaa

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A - 5 (i) Write an appreciation of the poem -----

2:4 Appreciation of the poem 'Have You Earned Your Tomorrow '

_____________________________

Write an appreciation of the poem considering the following points .

Answer -

About the poem/poet /title-

'Have You Earned Your Tomorrow ' is written by Edger Guest .It is an inspirational poem. It encourages the reader to do something for the society .The poet is known as ' people's poet' The title of the poem suggests that the poet is expecting something from the readers .

Theme-

The theme of the poem is that one should consider one's actions and deeds carefully and plan accordingly for a better future .

Style -

The style of the poem is simple.

Poetic devices , language -

The language of the poem is very simple . The poem is divided into four stanzas of quatrains .The first line rhyme with the second and third with the fourth in each stanza .The Poetic devices used in the poem are Alliteration and Interrogation .The rhyme scheme is aabb , ccaa , ddee , ffaa .The poem is marked by questions.

Special features - tone and style -

The tone of the poem is optimistic.It is a four stanzas poem . It is separated into sets of four lines .The poem is marked by questions. Speakers words are piercing , leaving no room for interpretation .

Values,message -

This is an inspirational poem. In this poem the speaker is asking the readers whether they have done anything to improve the life of another human being or not. The poet further informs the reader that it is up to you whether you will have a better future or not . Therefore , one should consider one's actions and deeds carefully and plan accordingly for a better future.

Your opinion about the poem -

This is an inspirational poem. It gives a good thought of thinking of others. The poet tells the reader that one should be benevolent. Your existence on this earth is fruitful only when you are doing something good for others .one should spend the way happily and not disappointedly. A kind of devotion makes man worthy to live in a society .One should be kind enough and should run for others help , is the only way that gives you a kind of satisfaction .

_____________________________________________Thank You _____________

Friday, 14 August 2020

2:4 Appreciation of the poem Have You Earned Your Tomorrow

2:4 Appreciation of the poem 'Have You Earned Your Tomorrow '

_____________________________

Write an appreciation of the poem considering the following points .

Answer -

About the poem/poet /title-

Theme-

The theme of the poem is that one should consider one's actions and deeds carefully and plan accordingly for a better future .

Style -

The style of the poem is simple.

Poetic devices , language -

Special features - tone and style -

Values,message -

Your opinion about the poem -

______________________________________________Thank You_____________

Thursday, 13 August 2020

2:3 The Inchcape Rock

By- Robert Southey

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About the poet -------

The poet Robert Southey born in Bristol , England . He was a son of a draper . He educated at Westminster School and Balloon College , Oxford .

About the poem -----

The Poem ' Inchcape Rock ' ,is a ballad . It is the story of a bell which was installed on the Inchcape Rock. The bell was installed by the Abbot of Aberbrothok to warn the sailors about the rock .

Story -----

' The Inchcape Rock ', is a ballad. It is written by British poet Robert Southey .It is a story of 14th century. The Abbot of Aberbrothok installed a warning bell on a dangerous Inchcape ( a sandstone reef ) rock .It is 11 miles off the east coast of Scotland . The Inchcape Rock was dangerous because during the high tide it goes under water. The sailors fail to know the exact location of the rock and hit their ships against the rock . The ships wreck and ruins in the sea.

The Abbot of Aberbrothok decided to do something good in that case. He installed a warning bell on the rock .It was attached to the buoy ,so it only rang when the Inchcape rock was under water and the buoy was floating . It helped the sailors a lot in saving their lives and ships .They always thanked and blessed the Abbot of Aberbrothok for this good work.

But , It didn't like to Ralph the Rover . He was a sea pirate .He was jealous of Abbot's reputation . So he decided to remove the bell. Besides his business was to loot the wrecked ships and make wealth . He cut down the bell from the Inchcape Rock .He sank the bell in to the sea .He made much wealth from looting the wrecked ships . One day ,he was passing off the Scotland shore . He stuck in a bad weather and lost ship's direction . His ship hit against the Inchcape rock and wrecked and sank in the sea. Finally he met with death in the same place where he sank the warning bell .

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Words and meanings ________

Stir = movement. Still = calm keel = anchor Steady = firm , not shaking Sign = indication Abbot = Head of Monks Buoy = floating indication mark in the sea Mariners= sailors Blest = blessed Speck = a tiny image/dot Mirth = happiness Wicked = evil Quoth = said Plague = causing pain Haze = mist Hath = have / has Gale = strong wind sound Canst = can Breakers = tides Swell = to grow gradually Drift = direction Vessel = ship or boat Strikes = hit First = cursed Dreadful = bad Knell = sound of a bell Used to ring at the the time of funeral announcement.

___________________________________ Figures of speech

1) The figure of speech Alliteration is used in the following lines of the poem.

Page number 104-----

2; 3; 5; 7; 11; 12 ;

Page number 105----

15; 16 ;17; 18; 19; 20; 21 ; 24 ; 27 ; 33; 35 ; 36 ; 38 ;

Page number 106 -----

41; 42 ; 44 ; 45 ; 46 ;50 ; 54 ; 57 ; 59; 61 ; 62 ; 64 ;

2 ) Personification -----

The above figures of speech is used in the following lines.

Page number --- 104 -- line numbers = 2 and 4

Page number -----105 -----line number = 1 ; ( stanza no 1 )

Page number 106

Line number ---3 --- stanza number 6

3) Transferred Epithet ----

The above figures of speech is used in the following lines.

Page number ----106

Stanza number ----- 5

Line number ----------3

Stanza --------------------7

Line number ---------- 1

4) Inversion ------

Page number ----------105

Stanza -2 -----line -------1

Page number 106

Stanza -3-------line -------1

5) Repetition--------

1) page 104 --- stanza --2 --line --3

Page 105 ------stanza ---4-- line ---2

Page 106 ------stanza---4 --line ---4

6) Paradox -----

Page 106 -- stanza ---3 -- line --4

7) Onomatopoeia ---

Page 105 ---- stanza --7 line ---1

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BRAINSTORMING

A 2 - ( i )

Complete the following statements .

a) The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because ------------

Answer -------

The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because during the high tides the Inchcape Rock goes under the water . The sailors fails to find out it's exact location and hit their ships against the rock .It causes a heavy damage to their ships and their lives . To avoid the damage and to get the correct navigation to the sailors , the Abbot placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock . The bell only rings when the Inchcape Rock is under water .

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b) The Mariners were grateful to the Abbot of Aberbrothok because ---------------

Answer --------

The Mariners were grateful to the Abbot of Aberbrothok because he installed a bell on the rock. The loud sound of the bell makes the sailors alert .They could listen the sound from a long distance .It help them to keep their ships safe from ship wreckcking and sinking .

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c) The result of thick haze that covered the sky was that -------

Answer --------

Sir Ralph the Rover along with other sailors was passing from Scotland shore . His ship stuck in a thick haze . While passing from the Inchcape rock, it crashed against rock and sank in to the sea .

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d) The Rover in frustration pulled his hair and cursed himself because------------

Answer -------

Because his own ship stuck against the inchcape rock . It is because of the absence of any warning sound . His ship stuck against the rock and sank in to the sea . So , he repented over his folly and cursed himself in despair and in his frustration he pulled his hair.

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(ii )

Given below are the events that give the theme of the poem in a jumbled form . Arrange in a proper sequence as per their occurrence .

Answer ------

Proper sequence as per their occurrence is -----( a , b , d , c , e )

1) The waves were so small that they did not move enough to ring the bell at the Inchcape Rock .

2)The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed the bell on a buoy on the rock.

3) Ralph bent over from the boat.

4) There was a thick haze spread over the atmosphere.

5) Sir Ralph cursed himself in despair and in his frustration tore his hair .

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(iii )

Describe the qualities of the Abbot of Aberbrothok in your own words .

Answer -------

Benevolent , Big - hearted , Kind, Co-operative , Visionary , helpful.

___________________________________ (iv )

Jealousy is the most incurable defect . Justify .

It is true that jealousy is the most incurable defect in human beings. Ralph was a sea pirate. He was jealous of Abbot . The sailors express their gratitude towards the good Abbot because he had placed the warning bell on the inchcape rock . The warning bell had saved the sailors lives and ships from wrecking many times. But Ralph the sea pirate, cut down the warning bell from the inchcape rock because he did not want the sailors to be alert by the sound of the bell .He wanted to loot the other sailors ship .He also wanted to tarnish Abbot . Finally he dies in the same place where he sank the warning bell.

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(v) ' But the Rover's mirth was wickedness '.Explain this line in your own words .

Answer ----

Sir Ralph was a notorious pirate. He spent days on looting and plundering other ships for treasures . He did not want sailors to be alert by the sound of the Inchcape bell .He wanted to earn wealth from the ships that crashed against the rock . He had his selfish intention to hoard the wealth .After seeing the inchcape bell on the rock , He became happy not because the bell is a beautiful thing but he got a chance to cut it down . He cut down the warning bell and threw it in to the sea . It shows that his mirth was wickedness .

___________________________________A -3

Some words in the poem are related to different parts of a ship or a Mariners life . Given below are the meanings of those terms. Identify the word .

a) Helps in steering the ship =

Answer - Helm

b) The lowest part of the ship = Answer - Orlop deck

c) Floating object that shows direction =

Answer --- Buoyancy

d) Another name for a ship =

Answer---- Vessel ,craft , boat

e) Sinking Sound =

Answer -- Gurgling

___________________________________A-4 ( ii )

Figures of speech

1) Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair

-Alliteration

- Sound of 'S' and ' H' repeated.

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2) No stir in the air no stir in the sea .

- Repetition

- The word ' stir ' is repeated.

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3) On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung

- Inversion

- The word order is not correct .

Correct word order is -

It floated and swung in a storm on a buoy .

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4) Down sank the bell with a gurgling sound

- Onomatopoeia. The word ' gurgling ' expresses sound .

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5) The Devil below was ringing his Knell .

- Metaphor - Indirect comparison is made .

Personification-

- ' Ringing' is a human quality it has been attributed to' death

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6) The ship was as still as she could be.

- Simile

- Direct comparison is made

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7) On the deck the Rover takes his hand

- Inversion

- Word order is changed for the poetic effect ,the correct order is

' The Rover takes his hand on the deck '

------------------------------------------------. 8) Oh Christ !

- Apostrophe

- There is an address to God . ----------------------------------------------------

A - 5 Write an appreciation of the poem ' Inchcape' Rock .

2:3 Appreciation of the poem

' The Inchcape Rock '

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About the poem/poet and the title --------

' The Inchcape Rock ' is a ballad. It is a narrative poem . It is written by the British poet Robert Southey . The poem consists of seventeen quatrains written in rhyming couplets .It tells us of legendary Inchcape rock .The story is about the good Abbot of Aberbrothok and the devilish Sir Ralph the Rover . It begins by describing how the bell was installed on the rock by Abbot of Aberbrothok . It ends with how Ralph the Rover cut down the bell from Inchcape rock and died by crashing his boat against the same rock .

The theme ------

The theme of the poem is that one has to suffer the consequences of one's action .He who digs a pit for others falls into it and those who do bad things will ultimately be punished .

Poetic style----

The poem Inchcape Rock is a ballad .It is didactic in nature . Its tone is narrative . It consists of seventeen stanzas of four lines each . Here first line of the each stanza rhymes with the second and third line with the fourth .

The language/poetic devices used in the poem --------

The language of the poem is very lucid and Simple . It is a long narrative poem . It is very easy to understand .It is free from artificiality . It is didactic in nature . The poem has full of imageries. The lines ,' The sun in the heaven was shining gay ', and ' the waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock' , are the example of visual images . The poet has used many figures of speech in the poem .They are Metaphor , Simile , Alliteration Personification , Inversion , Repetition ,Apostrophe and Onomatopoeia .The line ' The Devil below was ringing his Knell' is a perfect example of Metaphor implies that death is calling Ralph near to him. The rhyming scheme is aabb for each stanza .The first two and last two lines of each stanza rhyme with each other .

Special features-----

The poem is a bit long . It consists of seventeen quatrains and written in a rhyming couplets. It is a ballad . It is traditionally sung by a wandering musicians .The poem is full of adventure , heroism , jealousy and moral .

Message, values , morals ----

The poet delivers a message that those who do wrong things will meet with due Punishment.In other words , ' As you sow , so shall you reap '. The Rover cut off the bell from the inchcape rock , so that other sailors ship should struck and wreck .But his own ship struck against the very rock because of the absence of any warning sound and sank in the sea . The moral of the poem is that he who digs a pit for others , falls himself in to it .

Your opinion about the poem --------

The Inchcape Rock is a beautiful poem . It teaches us some good moral values .It teaches us that good is always stronger than evil. Evil person is always punished for his bad actions where as good person is rewarded . In the poem the sailors used to thank and bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok in their hearts for tying the bell on the inchcape rock,where as Sir Ralph meets a deserved death for his wickedness .

__________________________________

(ii) Compose 4 to 6 lines on 'Sea'

Answer ---------

Sea

Oh Sea ! how vast and wide you are !

Looks beautiful when you leave the foam on shore ,

You do a lot for Worlds and Nations sake more

You have accumulated a lot of humans a treasure ,

You protect the world from heavy rain's water , as a soldier .

________________________________

_________Thank you ______________

2:3 Appreciation of the poem ' The Inchcape Rock '

2:3 Appreciation of the poem

' The Inchcape Rock '

----------------------------------------------------

About the poem/poet and the title --------

The theme ------

The theme of the poem is that one has to suffer the consequences of one's action .He who digs a pit for others falls into it and those who do bad things will ultimately be punished .

Poetic style----

The language/poetic devices used in the poem --------

Special features-----

Message, values , morals ----

Your opinion about the poem --------

____________________________________________Thank You ______________

Sunday, 9 August 2020

An Appeal to use handloom clothes

An Appeal

Write an appeal to use handloom products in our daily life .

India celebrates Handloom Day on 7, August .It is celebrated to enhance the use of handloom products in our daily life . On the occasion of ' National Handloom Day ', I appeal you to participate in 'Support handloom movement'

Friends, we have a very rich heritage in terms of handicrafts and Handlooms .It is the testimonies of rich Indian culture.

It is our prime duty to save the handloom artisans .Today ,more than 200 crafts are endangered. Handloom artisans are among them . I request you to use at least one khadi product to brighten the future of the producers and save them from entering the endangered list .

Friends , Our Father of nation,

Mahatma Gandhi gave a slogan of ' Swadeshi ' to boycott imported clothes . He made ' khadi 'a symbol of freedom struggle . Today ,it is our turn to save the artisans . They are migrating to the cities .There art is dying They are starving and committing suicide . Before to loose the art and artisans ,I request you to buy handloom products .

So , friends I support the Handloom industry by wearing the beautiful hand- woven products .

I humbly request you , to Stand , support and demand khadi clothes .

' Be Indian , buy Indian '

___________________________________

Thank You

___________________________________

2:2 Indian Weavers -Poetic appreciation

2:1 Poetic Appreciation

( ii ) Write an appreciation of the poem .

Appreciation

About the poem/ Poet and the title ---

The name of the poem is 'Indian Weavers '. It is written by

Sarojini Naidu . It is a short poem.

In this poem the poet talks about three stages of human life .

Theme ---

The poetess highlights the craft and skill of the Indian Weavers.

She talks about three important stages in human life . They are childhood , Adulthood and Old age .She relates them with different colours and different

times of the day .

Poetic style----

The style of the poem is Interrogative .Each stanzas contain a question . The poet has used full of imageries .

The language/ Poetic devices used in the poem ------

The language of the poem is very simple. It is easy to understand .It is free from ambiguity . A question asked by a poetess in each stanza makes the poem live. The imageries like ' break

of a day ', ' fall of night ' , ' blue as the wing of halcyon wild ' 'moonlight chill , ' 'Solemn and still ' make the poem beautiful .

The uses of the figures of speech like Simile , Metaphor , Alliteration and imagery decorates the poem nicely. The different colours and different times of the day symbolises different moods of the poet .The poem has the rhyme scheme aabb. The poet uses number of literary devices to express her ideas like Simile , metaphor , Imagery etc.

Special features -----

It is a short poem . It has three stanzas .The stanzas have four lines each . Different colours used in the poem symbolises different mood of the Weavers . Blue colour is a symbol of love and innocence . The colours purple and green symbolises struggle with happiness. The colour white is a symbol of surrender . Here man surrenders to life .Every stanza contains a question .The strongest feature of this poem is a use of vivid imagery .

Message,values,morals in the poem----------

The message of the poem is that one has to undergo all the three stages of life . Birth marriage and death are the three stages of life .

The first and second stage gives colourful life but the last stage is colourless. So,man must learn

that happiness and sorrows are equally important in the way of life. You can not separate them. It is a life cycle .

The Weavers work from morning till night and their attitude affects the kind of work they produce .

The journey of life begins with colour blue which means joy and happiness . It continues with addition of colours - green and purple which means challenge also enters along with happiness. Life in this stage is more active than the first stage . In the final stanza all the colours vanish away and single colour - white remains which means emotions are connected with life and when the person dies , emotions also die .

Your opinion about the poem-----------

This is a beautiful poem . It gives a true picture of life . The strongest feature of this poem is a use of vivid imagery . The journey of life begins with colour blue which means joy and happiness.It continues with colour green and purple which means struggle and happiness .In the final stanza all the colours vanish away and a single colour white remains . It shows that life is colourless .It is connected with emotions . when the person dies emotions also die.

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2:2 (Poem) Indian Weavers

2:2 Indian Weaver's

by Sarojini Nandu

______________________________

BRAINSTORMING

______________________________

' Indian Weaver ' is a Short poem. In this poem , the poet talks about three types of dresses

that the Indian Weaver wave at three particular times of the day .

Each stanza of the poem represents the three important events of human life : birth (childhood ) , adulthood (young),

and death (old) . The colours mentioned in the stanzas are very significant as they indicate the moods related to the events .

_________________________________

Meaning of the difficult words :

Break of the day = dawn , the first light in the

Sky before sunrise

Garment = Clothe

Gay = happy

Halcyon = Kingfisher (a bird)

Robes = garment

Fall of night=Late in the evening

Plumes = Soft feathers

Veils =a peace of clothes that covers woman's

face

Solemn and = Serious and calm

Still

Moonlight = Night

Shroud = a cloth in which dead person is wrapped

___________________________________

Figures of speech

1) line no.1

' Weavers , Weaving at break of day '

- Alliteration .

The Sound of 'w ' is repeated .

- Metaphor -

The birth of the baby is indirectly compared with a break of day .

2) line 2

' Why do you weave a garment so gay '

-Alliteration

The Sound of 'W' is repeated .

- Interrogation -

There is a question mark at the end of the line .

3) 'Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild ' ( line 3)

- Simile -

Direct comparison made between the blue colored clothe of the baby with a wing of wild halcyon.

- Alliteration - Sound of 'e' is repeated .

4) ' We wave the robes of a new born child '.

-Alliteration

- Sound of 'W' is repeated.

5) 'Weavers weaving at fall of night ',

- Metaphor -

'Adulthood ' is indirectly compared with 'fall of night '.

- Alliteration -

6) 'Why do you weave a garment so bright '(line 6)

- Interrogation -

There is a question mark at the end of the line .

7) 'Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green ' ,

-Simile -

Garment is indirectly compared with plumes of peacock .

-ALLITERATION

8) ' We wave the marriage-veils of a queen '.

-Alliteration -

Sound of the letter 'W' is repeated

9)'Weavers weaving solemn and still ',

-Alliteration

- Sound of the letter 'W' is repeated.

10) 'What do you weave in the moonlight chill ....

- Metaphor

- ' Death' is indirectly compared with moonlight .

-ALLITERATION

11) ' White as a feather and white as a cloud '

- Simile -

- 'Funeral Shroud ' is directly compared with a ' feather and cloud '.

- Repetition -

The word 'white ' is repeated .

12) ' We wave a dead man's funeral Shroud .'

- -Alliteration

- Sound of 'W' is repeated .

___________________________________

BRAINSTORMING

A -2. (i ) Discuss the various products made by the Weavers in the poem.

Answer -

The products made by the Weavers are -

1) Garments ( robes ) for the newly born child .

2) Marriage veils for a queen.

3)Shroud for dead man's funeral.

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(ii ) The words in the three stanzas of the poem mention different times of a day . Complete the table .

Answer -

Time of the day - Early morning

Words/Phrases - Break of day

Weaver's work - Weavers weave

robes for new-

born child

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Time of the day - Late in the evening

Words/ phrases - Fall of nights

Weavers work - Weavers weave the marriage-veils for the queen

__________________________________

Time of the day - Cold night

Words/phrases - Moonlight chill

Weavers work - Weavers weave Shroud for dead man's funeral.

__________________________________

( iii )

The poem reveals three phases of life .Fill in the blanks with feelings and colours appropriate to the phases of life .One is done for you .

Answer -

COLOUR

New- born/ Childhood = Blue

Youth/Adulthood = purple/ green

Old age /Death = White

FEELING

New- born/Childhood =

Hopes and expectations

Youth/Adulthood = Hopes and

maturity

Old age /Death = harshness

___________________________________ ( iv )

Complete :

The Weavers weave in the chill moonlight -------------

Answer:- Shroud for a dead man's funeral .

___________________________________ (V)

Pick out two words used to describe the Weavers in the last stanza . Also state their importance .

Answer ------------

'Solemn and still '

They are solemn and still because Weavers are weaving Shroud for a dead man's funeral .

__________________________________

(vi )

Express your views about the present condition of Weavers.

Answer -

Indian Weavers used to work on Handlooms . Now a days, Handlooms are replaced to Power looms .Due to the increased cost of Handloom products,people preferred to use cheaper machine made products. This made the Handloom Weavers jobless . There present condition is pathetic . They are facing many hardships .

___________________________________

(vii )

Describe in your own words the steps or measures that can be taken to solve the problems of the Weavers.

Answer -------

To solve the problems of the Weavers , the Government should take the following steps .

1) To offer financial assistance.

2) To control the prices of raw material.

3)To give subsidy , to promote the buyers

4)To make compulsion for schools to use handloom clothes for uniform.

___________________________________

(viii )

Express your own views and opinions from the Weavers point of view and complete the following table .

First stanza

Activity -

Robes for a new - born child

Opinion - The Weavers feel happiness because They are weaving clothes for a new-born baby .

__________________________________

SECOND STANZA

Activity -----

Marriage -veils for a queen .

Opinion ----

The Weavers feel happy and active because they are weaving marriage- veils for queen .

___________________________________

Third stanza

Activity -----

Shroud for a dead man's funeral.

Opinion :-

The Weavers are serious and calm because they are weaving Shroud for a dead man's funeral.

__________________________________

A -3 ( i )

Pick out the rhyming words from the poem .

Answer -

day - gay

wild - child

night - bright

green - queen

still - chill

cloud - Shroud

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( ii )

Give antonyms and synonyms of the following and make sentences of your own .

Word Antonym Synonym

New old novel

bright dull brilliant

dead alive deceased

Still unquiet quiet

wild tame desert

fall rise decent

child adult baby

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A - 4 ( i )

Complete the following table

Figures of speech

- Simile :

Lines from the poem -----

1) ' Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild ';

2) 'Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green

3) White as a feather and white as a cloud

Imagery -

Lines from the poem -----

1) ' we weave the robes of a new- born child,'

2)' We weave the marriage-veils of a queen ',

3) ' We weave a dead man's funeral Shroud '.

4) plumes of peacock

5) the wings of halcyon wild

Metaphor -

Lines from the poem ----

1)' Weavers weaving at fall of night ,'

2)' What do you weave in the moonlight chill '

Alliteration :

Lines from the poem ------

1) Every line of the poem is a example of Alliteration.

___________________________________

( ii )

The rhyme scheme:-

First stanza --- ' aabb'

Second stanza --- ' aabb'

Third stanza ------ ' aabb'

___________________________________

A - 5

The poet has asked a question at the beginning of every stanza.

Explain the effect it creates on the reader .

Answer-----

It is Interrogation .It is a poetic device .The question is asked not to get an answer but to put a point more effectively .

It shows that the poetess is communicating with Weavers .

___________________________________

( ii ) Write an appreciation of the poem .

Appreciation

About the poem/ Poet and the title ---

The name of the poem is 'Indian Weavers '. It is written by

Sarojini Naidu . It is a short poem.

In this poem the poet talks about three stages of human life .

Theme ---

The poetess highlights the craft and skill of the Indian Weavers.

She talks about three important stages in human life . They are childhood , Adulthood and Old age .She relates them with different colours and different

times of the day .

Poetic style----

The style of the poem is Interrogative .Each stanzas contain a question . The poet has used full of imageries .

The language/ Poetic devices used in the poem ------

The language of the poem is very simple. It is easy to understand .It is free from ambiguity . A question asked by a poetess in each stanza makes the poem live. The imageries like ' break

of a day ', ' fall of night ' , ' blue as the wing of halcyon wild ' 'moonlight chill , ' 'Solemn and still ' make the poem beautiful .

Special features -----

Message,values,morals in the poem----------

The message of the poem is that one has to undergo all the three stages of life . Birth marriage and death are the three stages of life .

The first and second stage gives colourful life but the last stage is colourless. So,man must learn

that happiness and sorrows are equally important in the way of life. You can not separate them. It is a life cycle .

The Weavers work from morning till night and their attitude affects the kind of work they produce .

Your opinion about the poem-----------

___________________________________

( iii )

Compose four lines on 'Importance of clothes '

Answer -----

Clothes give confidence and honour in the society ,

It makes human life testy ,

It helps to differentiate between civilized and wild,

It is the clothes , helps to look the man sober and mild.

___________________________________

( iv )

Write an appeal to use handloom products in our daily life .

Friends, we have a very rich heritage in terms of handicrafts and Handlooms .It is the testimonies of rich Indian culture.

Friends , Our Father of nation,

So , friends I support the Handloom industry by wearing the beautiful hand- woven products .

I humbly request you , to Stand , support and demand khadi clothes .

' Be Indian , buy Indian '

___________________________________

Thank You