2:3 The Inchcape Rock

 2:3   The Inchcape Rock

                   By- Robert Southey

___________________________________

About the poet -------

      The poet Robert Southey born in Bristol , England . He was a son of a draper . He educated at Westminster School and Balloon College , Oxford .

About the poem -----

      The Poem ' Inchcape Rock ' ,is a ballad .  It is the story of  a bell which was installed on the Inchcape Rock. The bell was installed by the Abbot of Aberbrothok  to warn the sailors about the rock .

Story -----

' The Inchcape Rock ', is a ballad.   It is written by British poet Robert Southey .It is a story of 14th century. The Abbot of Aberbrothok installed a warning bell on a dangerous Inchcape ( a sandstone reef ) rock .It is 11 miles off the east coast of Scotland . The Inchcape Rock was dangerous because during the high tide it goes under water.  The sailors fail to know the exact location of the rock and hit their ships against the rock . The ships wreck and ruins in the sea. 

      The Abbot of Aberbrothok decided to do something good  in that case. He installed a warning bell on the rock .It was attached to the buoy ,so it only rang when the Inchcape rock was under water and the buoy was floating . It helped the sailors a lot in saving their lives and ships .They always thanked  and blessed the Abbot of Aberbrothok  for this good work. 

       But , It  didn't like to Ralph the Rover . He was a sea pirate .He was jealous of Abbot's reputation . So he decided to remove the bell. Besides his business was to loot the wrecked ships and make wealth . He cut down the bell from the Inchcape Rock .He sank the bell in to the sea .He made much wealth from looting the wrecked ships . One day ,he was passing off the Scotland shore . He stuck in a  bad weather and lost ship's direction . His ship hit against the Inchcape rock and wrecked and sank in the sea. Finally he met with death in the same place where he sank the warning bell .                                                          

___________________________________

Words and meanings ________

Stir        = movement.                        Still       = calm                                    keel       = anchor                                Steady  = firm , not shaking             Sign      = indication                          Abbot    = Head of Monks                 Buoy     = floating indication                             mark in the sea                Mariners= sailors                               Blest       = blessed                             Speck     = a tiny image/dot              Mirth      = happiness                         Wicked  = evil                                    Quoth     =  said                                   Plague   = causing pain                    Haze      = mist                                     Hath     = have / has                          Gale       = strong wind sound          Canst     = can                                      Breakers = tides                                 Swell       = to grow gradually          Drift          = direction                        Vessel       = ship or boat                   Strikes    = hit                                     First        = cursed                              Dreadful = bad                                   Knell       = sound of a bell Used to ring at the the time of funeral announcement.

___________________________________          Figures of speech

1) The figure of speech         Alliteration is used in the     following lines of the poem.

 

Page number 104-----

2; 3; 5; 7;  11; 12 ;

Page number 105----

15; 16 ;17; 18; 19; 20; 21 ; 24 ; 27 ; 33; 35 ; 36 ; 38 ;

Page number 106 -----

 41; 42 ; 44 ; 45 ; 46 ;50 ; 54 ; 57 ; 59; 61 ; 62 ; 64 ;  

2 )   Personification -----

The above figures of speech is used in the following lines.

Page number --- 104 -- line numbers    =       2  and  4  

Page number -----105 -----line number     = 1 ; ( stanza no 1 )

Page number 106 

Line number ---3 --- stanza number  6

3) Transferred Epithet ----

The above figures of speech is used in the following lines.

Page number ----106 

Stanza number ----- 5

Line number ----------3

Stanza --------------------7 

Line number  ---------- 1

4) Inversion ------

Page number  ----------105 

Stanza  -2  -----line -------1

Page number 106

Stanza  -3-------line -------1

5) Repetition--------

1) page 104 --- stanza --2 --line --3

Page 105 ------stanza ---4-- line ---2

Page 106 ------stanza---4 --line ---4

 6) Paradox -----

Page 106 -- stanza ---3 -- line --4

7) Onomatopoeia ---

Page 105 ---- stanza --7 line ---1

___________________________________

          BRAINSTORMING

A 2 -  ( i )

Complete the following statements .

a) The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because ------------

Answer -------

       The Abbot of Aberbrothok placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock because during the high tides the Inchcape Rock goes under the water . The sailors fails to find out it's exact location and hit their ships against  the rock .It causes a heavy damage to their ships and their lives . To avoid the damage and to get the correct navigation to the sailors  , the Abbot placed a bell on the Inchcape Rock . The bell only rings when the Inchcape Rock is under water .

---------------------------------------------------

b) The Mariners were grateful to the Abbot of Aberbrothok because ---------------

Answer --------

     The Mariners were grateful to the Abbot of Aberbrothok because he installed a bell on the rock. The  loud sound of the bell makes the sailors  alert .They could listen the sound from  a long distance .It help them to keep their ships safe from ship  wreckcking  and sinking . 

----------------------------------------------------

c) The result of thick haze that covered the sky was  that -------

Answer --------

        Sir Ralph the Rover  along with other sailors was passing from Scotland  shore . His ship  stuck in a thick haze .  While passing from the Inchcape rock,  it crashed against rock   and sank in to the sea . 

----------------------------------------------------

d) The Rover in frustration pulled his hair and cursed himself because------------

Answer -------

  Because    his own ship stuck against the inchcape  rock . It is because of the absence of any warning sound . His ship stuck against the rock and sank in to the sea . So , he repented over his folly and cursed himself in despair and in his frustration he pulled his hair.  

___________________________________

(ii )

Given below are the events that give the theme of the poem in a jumbled form . Arrange in a proper sequence as per their occurrence .

Answer ------

Proper sequence as per their occurrence is -----( a , b , d , c , e )

1) The waves were so small that they did not move enough to ring the bell at the Inchcape Rock .

2)The Abbot of Aberbrothok had placed the bell on a buoy on the rock.

3) Ralph bent over from the boat.

4) There was a thick haze spread over the atmosphere.

5) Sir Ralph cursed himself in despair and in his frustration tore his hair .

___________________________________

(iii )

Describe the qualities of the Abbot of Aberbrothok in your own words .

Answer -------

Benevolent , Big - hearted , Kind, Co-operative , Visionary , helpful.

___________________________________  (iv )  

Jealousy is the most incurable defect . Justify .

It is true that jealousy is the most incurable defect in human beings. Ralph was a sea pirate. He was jealous of Abbot . The sailors express their gratitude towards the good Abbot because he had placed the warning bell on the inchcape rock . The warning bell had saved the sailors lives and ships from wrecking many times. But Ralph the sea pirate, cut down the warning bell from the inchcape rock because he did not want the sailors to be alert by the sound of the bell .He wanted to loot the other sailors ship .He also wanted to tarnish  Abbot . Finally he dies in the same place where he sank the warning bell.

---------------------------------------------------

(v) ' But the Rover's mirth was wickedness '.Explain this line in your own words .

Answer ----

Sir Ralph was a notorious pirate. He spent days on looting and plundering other ships for treasures . He did not want sailors to be alert by the sound of the Inchcape bell .He wanted to earn wealth from the ships that crashed against the rock . He had his selfish intention to hoard the wealth .After seeing the inchcape bell on the rock , He became happy  not because the bell is a beautiful thing but he got a chance to cut it down . He cut down the warning bell and threw it in to the sea . It shows that  his mirth was wickedness .

___________________________________A -3 

Some words  in the poem are related to different parts of a ship or a Mariners life . Given below are the meanings of those terms. Identify the word .

a)  Helps in steering the ship =

Answer -      Helm

b) The lowest part of the  ship =      Answer -           Orlop  deck

c) Floating object that shows direction  =

Answer --- Buoyancy

d) Another name for a ship =

Answer---- Vessel ,craft , boat

e) Sinking Sound =

Answer -- Gurgling

___________________________________A-4 ( ii )

Figures of speech

1) Sir Ralph the Rover tore his             hair 

-Alliteration 

- Sound of 'S'  and ' H'  repeated.

---------------------------------------------------

2) No stir in the air  no stir in the      sea .

- Repetition

- The word ' stir ' is repeated.

----------------------------------------------------

3) On a buoy in the storm it                 floated and swung

-  Inversion

- The word order is not correct .

   Correct word order is - 

   It floated and swung in a storm    on a buoy .

----------------------------------------------------

4) Down sank the bell with a               gurgling  sound 

-  Onomatopoeia.                                   The word ' gurgling ' expresses        sound .

----------------------------------------------------

5) The Devil below was ringing           his Knell .

- Metaphor - Indirect comparison is made .

Personification-

- ' Ringing' is a human quality it        has been attributed  to' death

----------------------------------------------------

6) The ship was as still as she               could be.

-  Simile

-  Direct comparison is made 

----------------------------------------------------

7)  On the deck the Rover takes            his hand

- Inversion

- Word order is changed for the         poetic effect ,the correct order is

' The Rover takes his hand on the     deck '

------------------------------------------------.  8)  Oh Christ !

- Apostrophe

- There is an address to God .          ----------------------------------------------------

A - 5 Write an appreciation of the poem  ' Inchcape' Rock .

 2:3 Appreciation of the poem

     ' The Inchcape Rock '

----------------------------------------------------

About the poem/poet and the title --------

 ' The  Inchcape Rock ' is a ballad.  It is a narrative poem . It is written by the British poet Robert Southey . The poem consists of seventeen quatrains written in rhyming couplets .It tells us of legendary Inchcape rock .The story is about the good Abbot of Aberbrothok and the devilish Sir Ralph the Rover .  It begins by describing how the bell was installed on the rock by Abbot of Aberbrothok . It ends with how Ralph the Rover  cut down the bell from Inchcape rock  and died by crashing his boat against the same  rock .

The theme ------

The theme of the poem is that one has to suffer the consequences of one's action .He who digs a pit for others falls into it and  those who do bad things will ultimately be punished .

Poetic style----

The poem Inchcape Rock  is a ballad .It is  didactic in nature . Its tone is narrative . It  consists of seventeen stanzas of four lines each . Here first line of the each stanza rhymes with the second and third line with the fourth .

The language/poetic devices used in the poem --------

The language of the poem is very lucid and Simple . It is a long narrative poem . It is very easy to understand .It is free from artificiality . It is didactic in nature .                                                The poem has full of imageries. The lines ,' The sun in the heaven was shining gay ', and ' the waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock' , are the example of visual images . The poet has used many figures of speech in the poem .They are Metaphor , Simile , Alliteration Personification , Inversion , Repetition ,Apostrophe and Onomatopoeia .The line ' The Devil below was ringing his Knell'  is a perfect example of Metaphor implies  that death is calling Ralph near to him. The rhyming scheme is aabb for each stanza .The first two and last two lines of each stanza rhyme with each other .

Special features-----

The poem is a bit long . It consists of seventeen quatrains and written in a rhyming couplets. It is a ballad . It is traditionally sung by a wandering musicians .The poem is  full of  adventure , heroism , jealousy and moral .

Message, values , morals ----

The poet delivers a message that those who do wrong things will meet with due Punishment.In other words ,  ' As you sow , so shall you reap '.   The Rover cut off the bell from the inchcape rock , so that other sailors ship should struck and wreck .But his own ship struck against the very rock because of the absence of any warning sound and sank in the sea .                                                         The moral of the poem is that  he  who digs a pit for others , falls  himself in to it .

Your opinion about the poem --------

The Inchcape Rock is a beautiful poem . It teaches us some good moral values .It teaches us that good is always stronger than evil. Evil person is always punished for his bad actions where as good person is rewarded . In the poem the sailors used to thank and bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok in their hearts for tying the bell on the inchcape rock,where as Sir Ralph meets a deserved death for his wickedness .

__________________________________

(ii) Compose 4 to 6 lines on 'Sea'

Answer ---------

                   Sea

Oh  Sea ! how vast and wide you are !   

Looks beautiful when you leave the foam on shore ,

You do a lot for Worlds and Nations   sake    more

You have accumulated a lot of  humans  a treasure ,

You protect the world from heavy rain's  water , as a soldier .

________________________________

_________Thank you ______________

       

 

                                                           

 

2:3 Appreciation of the poem ' The Inchcape Rock '

 2:3 Appreciation of the poem

     ' The Inchcape Rock '

----------------------------------------------------

About the poem/poet and the title --------

 ' The  Inchcape Rock ' is a ballad.  It is a narrative poem . It is written by the British poet Robert Southey . The poem consists of seventeen quatrains written in rhyming couplets .It tells us of legendary Inchcape rock .The story is about the good Abbot of Aberbrothok and the devilish Sir Ralph the Rover .  It begins by describing how the bell was installed on the rock by Abbot of Aberbrothok . It ends with how Ralph the Rover  cut down the bell from Inchcape rock  and died by crashing his boat against the same  rock .

The theme ------

The theme of the poem is that one has to suffer the consequences of one's action .He who digs a pit for others falls into it and  those who do bad things will ultimately be punished .

Poetic style----

The poem Inchcape Rock  is a ballad .It is  didactic in nature . Its tone is narrative . It  consists of seventeen stanzas of four lines each . Here first line of the each stanza rhymes with the second and third line with the fourth .

The language/poetic devices used in the poem --------

The language of the poem is very lucid and Simple . It is a long narrative poem . It is very easy to understand .It is free from artificiality . It is didactic in nature .                                                The poem has full of imageries. The lines ,' The sun in the heaven was shining gay ', and ' the waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock' , are the example of visual images . The poet has used many figures of speech in the poem .They are Metaphor , Simile , Alliteration Personification , Inversion , Repetition ,Apostrophe and Onomatopoeia .The line ' The Devil below was ringing his Knell'  is a perfect example of Metaphor implies  that death is calling Ralph near to him. The rhyming scheme is aabb for each stanza .The first two and last two lines of each stanza rhyme with each other .

Special features-----

The poem is a bit long . It consists of seventeen quatrains and written in a rhyming couplets. It is a ballad . It is traditionally sung by a wandering musicians .The poem is  full of  adventure , heroism , jealousy and moral .

Message, values , morals ----

The poet delivers a message that those who do wrong things will meet with due Punishment.In other words ,  ' As you sow , so shall you reap '.   The Rover cut off the bell from the inchcape rock , so that other sailors ship should struck and wreck .But his own ship struck against the very rock because of the absence of any warning sound and sank in the sea .                                                         The moral of the poem is that  he  who digs a pit for others , falls  himself in to it .

Your opinion about the poem --------

The Inchcape Rock is a beautiful poem . It teaches us some good moral values .It teaches us that good is always stronger than evil. Evil person is always punished for his bad actions where as good person is rewarded . In the poem the sailors used to thank and bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok in their hearts for tying the bell on the inchcape rock,where as Sir Ralph meets a deserved death for his wickedness .

____________________________________________Thank You ______________

       

 

An Appeal to use handloom clothes

                 An   Appeal

  Write an appeal to use handloom products in our daily life .

        India celebrates Handloom Day on 7, August .It is celebrated to enhance the use of handloom products in our daily life . On the occasion of '  National Handloom Day ', I appeal you to participate in 'Support handloom movement'

         Friends,  we have a very rich heritage in terms of handicrafts and Handlooms .It  is the testimonies of rich Indian culture.

It is our prime duty to save the handloom artisans .Today ,more than 200 crafts are endangered. Handloom  artisans are among them . I request you to use at least one khadi product to brighten the future of the producers and save them from entering  the endangered list . 

      Friends , Our Father of nation,

Mahatma Gandhi gave a slogan of ' Swadeshi ' to  boycott imported clothes . He made  ' khadi 'a symbol of freedom struggle . Today ,it is our turn to save the artisans . They are migrating to the cities .There art is dying They are starving and committing suicide . Before to loose the art and artisans ,I request you to buy handloom products . 

    So , friends I support the Handloom industry by wearing the beautiful hand- woven products .

        I humbly request you , to Stand , support and demand khadi clothes .  

' Be Indian , buy Indian '

___________________________________

                 Thank  You 

___________________________________

2:2 Indian Weavers -Poetic appreciation

   2:1      Poetic Appreciation

( ii ) Write an appreciation of the poem .

                  Appreciation

About the poem/ Poet and the title ---

              The name of the poem is 'Indian Weavers '. It is written by  

Sarojini Naidu . It is a short poem.

In this poem the poet talks about three stages of human life .

Theme ---

The poetess highlights the craft and skill of the Indian Weavers.

She talks about three important stages in human life . They are  childhood , Adulthood and Old age .She relates them with different colours and different

times of the day .

Poetic style----

The style of the poem is Interrogative .Each stanzas contain a question . The poet has  used full of imageries .

The language/ Poetic devices used in the poem ------

The language of the poem is very simple. It is easy to understand .It is free from ambiguity . A question asked by a poetess in each stanza makes the poem live. The imageries like ' break 

of a day ', '  fall of night ' ,  ' blue as the wing of halcyon wild ' 'moonlight chill , ' 'Solemn and still ' make the poem beautiful .

The uses of the figures of speech like Simile , Metaphor , Alliteration and imagery decorates the poem nicely. The different colours and different times of the day symbolises different moods of the poet .The poem has the rhyme scheme aabb. The poet uses number of literary devices to express her ideas like Simile , metaphor , Imagery etc.

Special features -----

It is a short poem . It has three stanzas .The stanzas have four lines each . Different colours used in the poem symbolises different mood of the Weavers . Blue colour is a symbol of love and innocence . The colours purple and green symbolises  struggle with happiness. The colour white is a symbol of surrender . Here man surrenders to life .Every stanza contains  a question .The strongest feature of this poem is a use of vivid imagery .

Message,values,morals in the poem----------

The message of the poem is that one has to undergo all the three stages of life . Birth marriage and death are the three  stages of life .

 The first and second stage gives colourful life but the last stage is colourless. So,man must learn 

  that happiness and sorrows are equally important in the way of life. You can not separate them.   It is a life cycle .

The Weavers work from morning till night and their attitude affects the kind of work they produce .

The journey of life begins with colour blue which means joy and happiness . It continues with addition of colours - green and purple which means challenge  also enters along with happiness. Life  in this stage is more active than the first stage . In the final stanza all the colours vanish away and single colour - white remains which means emotions are connected with life and when the person dies , emotions also die .

Your opinion about the poem-----------

This is a beautiful poem . It gives a true picture of life . The strongest feature of this poem is a use of vivid imagery . The journey of life begins with colour blue which means joy and happiness.It continues with colour green and purple which means struggle and happiness .In the final stanza all the colours vanish away and a single colour white remains . It shows that life is colourless .It is connected with emotions . when the person dies emotions also die.

___________________________________

        

_

2:2 (Poem) Indian Weavers

   2:2 Indian Weaver's

            by Sarojini Nandu

______________________________

           BRAINSTORMING

______________________________

      ' Indian Weaver ' is a Short poem. In this poem , the poet talks about three types of dresses

that the Indian Weaver wave at three particular times of the day .

Each stanza of the poem represents the three important events of human life : birth (childhood ) , adulthood (young),

and death (old) . The colours mentioned in the stanzas are very significant as they indicate the moods related to the events .

_________________________________

 

Meaning of the difficult words :

Break of the day  = dawn , the                                          first light in the

                                  Sky before                                            sunrise

Garment     = Clothe

Gay              = happy

Halcyon      = Kingfisher (a bird)

Robes          = garment

Fall of night=Late in the evening

Plumes         = Soft feathers

Veils             =a peace of clothes                              that covers woman's

                        face

Solemn and = Serious and calm

Still

Moonlight     = Night

Shroud          = a cloth in which                                dead person is                                    wrapped

___________________________________

          Figures of speech

1) line no.1

' Weavers , Weaving at break of day '

- Alliteration .

The Sound of  'w ' is repeated .

- Metaphor -

The birth of the baby is indirectly compared with a break of day .

2) line  2

' Why do you weave a garment so gay '

-Alliteration 

The Sound of  'W' is repeated .

- Interrogation -

There is a question mark at the end of the line .

3)  'Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild ' ( line  3)

- Simile -

Direct comparison made between the blue colored clothe of the baby with a wing of wild halcyon.

- Alliteration - Sound of 'e' is repeated .

4) ' We wave the robes of a new born child '.

-Alliteration

- Sound of 'W' is repeated.

5) 'Weavers weaving at fall of night ',

- Metaphor -

'Adulthood ' is  indirectly compared  with 'fall of night '.

- Alliteration -

6) 'Why do you weave a garment so bright '(line  6)

- Interrogation -

There is a question mark at the end of the line .

7) 'Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green ' ,

-Simile -

Garment  is indirectly compared with plumes of peacock .

-ALLITERATION

8) ' We wave the marriage-veils of a queen '.

-Alliteration -

Sound of the letter 'W' is repeated

9)'Weavers weaving solemn and still ',

-Alliteration 

- Sound of the letter 'W' is repeated.

10) 'What do you weave in the moonlight chill  ....

- Metaphor

- ' Death' is indirectly compared with moonlight .

-ALLITERATION

11) ' White as a  feather and white as a cloud '

- Simile -

- 'Funeral Shroud ' is directly compared with a ' feather and cloud '.

- Repetition -

The word 'white ' is repeated .

12) ' We wave a dead man's funeral Shroud .'

- -Alliteration

- Sound of 'W' is repeated .

___________________________________

           BRAINSTORMING

A -2.   (i )  Discuss the various products made by the Weavers in the poem.

Answer -

         The products  made by the Weavers are -

1) Garments ( robes ) for the newly born child .

2) Marriage veils  for a queen.

3)Shroud for dead man's funeral.

___________________________________

(ii )  The words in the three stanzas of the poem mention different times of a day . Complete the table .

Answer -

Time of the day -  Early morning                                                      

Words/Phrases   - Break of day

Weaver's work   - Weavers weave

                                 robes for new-

                                  born child

_________________________________

Time of the day - Late in the                                            evening

Words/ phrases - Fall of nights

Weavers work  - Weavers weave the marriage-veils for the queen

__________________________________

Time of the day - Cold night

Words/phrases - Moonlight chill

Weavers work - Weavers weave Shroud for dead man's funeral.

__________________________________

                    ( iii )

The poem reveals three phases of life .Fill in the blanks with feelings and colours appropriate to the phases of life .One is done for you .

Answer -

                  COLOUR

New- born/ Childhood = Blue

Youth/Adulthood          = purple/                                                   green

Old age /Death              = White

                  FEELING

New- born/Childhood = 

                 Hopes and expectations

Youth/Adulthood = Hopes and 

                                   maturity

Old age /Death   = harshness

___________________________________                  ( iv )

Complete  :

The Weavers weave in the chill moonlight -------------

Answer:- Shroud for a dead man's funeral .

___________________________________                     (V)

Pick out two words used to describe the Weavers in the last stanza . Also state their importance .

Answer ------------

'Solemn and still '

They are solemn and still because Weavers are weaving Shroud for a dead man's funeral .

__________________________________

                  (vi ) 

Express your views about the present condition of Weavers.

Answer -

Indian Weavers used to work on Handlooms . Now a days, Handlooms  are replaced to Power looms .Due to the increased cost of Handloom products,people preferred to use cheaper machine made products. This made  the Handloom Weavers  jobless . There present condition is pathetic . They are facing many hardships .

___________________________________

                       (vii )

Describe in your own words the steps or measures that can be taken to solve the problems of the Weavers.  

  

Answer -------                                      

             To solve the problems of the Weavers , the Government should take the following steps .

1) To offer financial assistance.

2) To control the prices of raw               material.

3)To give subsidy , to promote             the    buyers                                                

4)To make compulsion for                  schools to use handloom                clothes for uniform.

___________________________________

                (viii )

Express your own views and opinions from the Weavers point of view and complete the following table .

              First stanza

Activity -

Robes for a new - born child

Opinion - The Weavers feel happiness because They are weaving clothes for a new-born baby .

__________________________________

           SECOND STANZA

Activity -----

Marriage -veils for a queen .

Opinion ----

The Weavers feel happy and active because they are weaving marriage- veils for queen .

___________________________________

               Third stanza

Activity -----

Shroud for a dead man's funeral.

Opinion :-

The Weavers are serious and calm because they are weaving Shroud for a dead man's funeral.

__________________________________

A -3            ( i )

      Pick out the rhyming words from the poem .

Answer -

                 day  -   gay

                 wild -   child

                 night -  bright

                 green - queen

                 still     - chill

                 cloud  - Shroud

___________________________________

                    ( ii )

Give antonyms and synonyms of the following and make sentences of your own .

Word       Antonym         Synonym

New         old                    novel

bright      dull                   brilliant

dead        alive                 deceased

Still          unquiet            quiet              

wild         tame                 desert

fall           rise                   decent

child        adult                baby

___________________________________

A - 4   ( i )

        Complete the following table

Figures of speech

- Simile :

Lines from the poem -----

1)  ' Blue as the wing of a                         halcyon wild ';

2)    'Like the plumes of a                           peacock, purple and green

3) White as a feather and white             as     a cloud   

Imagery -

Lines from the poem -----

1) ' we weave the robes of a new- born child,'

2)' We weave the marriage-veils of a queen ',

3) ' We weave a dead man's funeral Shroud '.

4) plumes of peacock

5) the wings of halcyon wild

Metaphor -

Lines from the poem ----

1)' Weavers weaving at fall of night ,'

2)' What do you weave in the moonlight chill '

Alliteration :

Lines from the poem ------

1) Every line of the poem is a example of  Alliteration.

___________________________________

( ii  )   

The  rhyme scheme:-

First stanza ---        ' aabb'

Second stanza ---    ' aabb'

Third stanza ------   ' aabb'

___________________________________

 

A - 5 

The poet has asked a question at the beginning of every stanza.

Explain the effect it creates on the reader .

Answer-----

 It is Interrogation .It is a poetic device .The question is asked not to get an answer but to put a point more effectively .

It shows that the poetess is communicating with Weavers .

___________________________________

( ii ) Write an appreciation of the poem .

                  Appreciation

About the poem/ Poet and the title ---

              The name of the poem is 'Indian Weavers '. It is written by  

Sarojini Naidu . It is a short poem.

In this poem the poet talks about three stages of human life .

Theme ---

The poetess highlights the craft and skill of the Indian Weavers.

She talks about three important stages in human life . They are  childhood , Adulthood and Old age .She relates them with different colours and different

times of the day .

Poetic style----

The style of the poem is Interrogative .Each stanzas contain a question . The poet has  used full of imageries .

The language/ Poetic devices used in the poem ------

The language of the poem is very simple. It is easy to understand .It is free from ambiguity . A question asked by a poetess in each stanza makes the poem live. The imageries like ' break 

of a day ', '  fall of night ' ,  ' blue as the wing of halcyon wild ' 'moonlight chill , ' 'Solemn and still ' make the poem beautiful .

The uses of the figures of speech like Simile , Metaphor , Alliteration and imagery decorates the poem nicely. The different colours and different times of the day symbolises different moods of the poet .The poem has the rhyme scheme aabb. The poet uses number of literary devices to express her ideas like Simile , metaphor , Imagery etc.

Special features -----

It is a short poem . It has three stanzas .The stanzas have four lines each . Different colours used in the poem symbolises different mood of the Weavers . Blue colour is a symbol of love and innocence . The colours purple and green symbolises  struggle with happiness. The colour white is a symbol of surrender . Here man surrenders to life .Every stanza contains  a question .The strongest feature of this poem is a use of vivid imagery .

Message,values,morals in the poem----------

The message of the poem is that one has to undergo all the three stages of life . Birth marriage and death are the three  stages of life .

 The first and second stage gives colourful life but the last stage is colourless. So,man must learn 

  that happiness and sorrows are equally important in the way of life. You can not separate them.   It is a life cycle .

The Weavers work from morning till night and their attitude affects the kind of work they produce .

The journey of life begins with colour blue which means joy and happiness . It continues with addition of colours - green and purple which means challenge  also enters along with happiness. Life  in this stage is more active than the first stage . In the final stanza all the colours vanish away and single colour - white remains which means emotions are connected with life and when the person dies , emotions also die .

Your opinion about the poem-----------

This is a beautiful poem . It gives a true picture of life . The strongest feature of this poem is a use of vivid imagery . The journey of life begins with colour blue which means joy and happiness.It continues with colour green and purple which means struggle and happiness .In the final stanza all the colours vanish away and a single colour white remains . It shows that life is colourless .It is connected with emotions . when the person dies emotions also die.

___________________________________

          ( iii )

Compose four lines on       'Importance of clothes '

Answer -----

Clothes  give confidence and honour in the society ,

It makes human life testy ,

It helps to differentiate between civilized and wild,

It is the clothes , helps to look the man sober and mild.

___________________________________

               ( iv )

Write an appeal to use handloom products in our daily life .

        India celebrates Handloom Day on 7, August .It is celebrated to enhance the use of handloom products in our daily life . On the occasion of '  National Handloom Day ', I appeal you to participate in 'Support handloom movement'

         Friends,  we have a very rich heritage in terms of handicrafts and Handlooms .It  is the testimonies of rich Indian culture.

It is our prime duty to save the handloom artisans .Today ,more than 200 crafts are endangered. Handloom  artisans are among them . I request you to use at least one khadi product to brighten the future of the producers and save them from entering  the endangered list . 

      Friends , Our Father of nation,

Mahatma Gandhi gave a slogan of ' Swadeshi ' to  boycott imported clothes . He made  ' khadi 'a symbol of freedom struggle . Today ,it is our turn to save the artisans . They are migrating to the cities .There art is dying They are starving and committing suicide . Before to loose the art and artisans ,I request you to buy handloom products . 

    So , friends I support the Handloom industry by wearing the beautiful hand- woven products .

        I humbly request you , to Stand , support and demand khadi clothes .  

' Be Indian , buy Indian '

___________________________________

                 Thank  You

      

       

                                            

              

2:1 Song Of The Open Road

2:1 Song Of The Open Road

                  By Walt Whitman

    Walt Whitman was an American poet , essayist  ,and journalist  . Whitman is among the most influential poets .  He is often called 'The Father Of Free Verse .

         ' Song of the open road ' is taken from his ,' Leaves of the Grass '. It is a 

Poetry collection  book .It is written by Walt Whitman . The poems in this collection is a beautiful  blend of self awareness , free will and tenderness  of heart . The poet says  journey  is a test of wisdom and it can not be tested in any school or university . The road is something every one uses .The road signifies 'mobility ' .

_____________________________________

      

     Difficult words and their meanings

Afoot                   =  On foot 

light hearted      =   happy mood

 path                    =   road

Henceforth         =  from this time

Whimper             =  a sob

querulous           = often complaining

delicious             = tasty /happy

burden                 =  load 

get rid of              = released from                                           problems

in return              = in exchange

_____________________________________

Figures of speech :

1) Line no.1

' Afoot and light-hearted  I take to the open road , '

Name of the figures of speech -.           -  Inversion  

Explanation :- The prose order is not correct . The correct prose order is  -

I take to the open road afoot and light-hearted .

2) line no. 3

The long brown path before me leading ............

Name  :-      Alliteration :

 Explanation :-   ( in the word 'brown ' and 'before  )

The sound of 'b' is repeated pleasingly for greater poetic effect .

3) Line no. 5 

Henceforth I ask ......,I myself .... ........fortune.

 Name of the figures of speech :                                      

Repetition .

Explanation:

 The word ' I ' is repeated pleasingly for the greater poetic effect .

 4 ) Line  no. 07

Henceforth .......no more , postpone no more , need nothing ,

 Name :-      Repetition : 

 Explanation :-  Word ' no more ' is   repeated .

5) Line no. 09

Done with indoor complaints , libraries, querulous criticism ,

 1) Alliteration :  sound of ' c ' is                    repeated pleasingly for the greater        poetic effect .

2) Tautology  :

Explanation :-.       The words                          ' Complaints'.  and  ' querulous ' 

    expresses    the same  meaning .

6)  Line no. 11

 ' Strong and .............. open  road .

Inversion :

Explanation :-   Prose order is not correct . The correct prose order is   -

I travel the open road strong and content .

7) Line no. 16 

' Still here ......... delicious burdens  '

Metaphor :

Explanation :-   Old sweet memories are indirectly compared  with something  delicious .

8) Line no .17

  '  I carry them ........I carry ...................... Wherever I go ',

Repetition :

The word   ' I ' is repeated .

9) Line no. 18 

I am ........................   in return .

Repetition :

 The word  ' I ' is repeated  .

_____________________________________

                  Themes

The main  theme of this poem is            ' freedom ' . 

The other  is   ' joy of life   and   optimism '

_____________________________________

              BRAINSTORMING

A1 ( i ) Pick out the lines showing that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey .

Answer :

The following lines from the poem show that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey

a) Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,

b) The long brown path before me leading wherever I Choose .

c) Henceforth I  whimper no more , postpone no more ,need nothing ,

d) Strong and content I travel to the open road .

_____________________________________

(ii) 

 By ' old delicious burdens ' the poet means -

a) the luggage 

b) the food he carries 

c) the stress he bears during the                travels

d) Sweet memories of the past .

Answer :-

(d) Sweet memories of the past .

_____________________________________

(iii) The poet is a person who is free from all inhibitions . Discuss how the concept of ' freedom ' is expressed in the poem .

Answer:-

According to the poet , human beings are free  by birth . The poet wants to tell his reader that every person should enjoy the freedom . One should not bother about ones social status , whether they are rich or poor. According to the poet, being free means being able to do anything that gives happiness .' The open road ' means open to all and free to all to enjoy individual freedom . It teaches us to live amicably with others . Freedom means  living happily  through the   sweet memories of good and kind people . He emphasizes the freedom of traveling .

_____________________________________

A2  (i) Following are the activities of the poet related to his journey  on the road , Divide them into two parts as 

 'activities the poet will practice ' and

' activities he will not practice ' .

a) Walking along the road though he does not know where it reaches .

b) Complaining about the discomforts  during the journey .

c) Postponing the journey 

d) Praying for good fortune 

e) carrying the fond memories of the good people 

f) Creating contacts with famous and influential people 

g) Striving to achieve high and bright success 

h) Reflecting and  developing his own  'self '

Answer -

Activities  that the poet will practice are --

(a) ; (e) ; and  (h)

Activities  that the poet  will not practice are ----

(b)  ;  (c)  ; (d)  ; ( f) ; and ( g )

_____________________________________

(ii) Write down the traits the poet exhibit through following lines . One is done for you .

a) Henceforth ,I  ask for no good fortune - I myself am good fortune :

Traits -  Self - confidence

b) Henceforth , I whimper no more , postpone no more,need nothing ---

Answer -----

Self-confidence 

c) I do not want the constellations any nearer  -----

Answer --- No  -greedy                           nature / self controlled

d) I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them ---

Answer ---- self awareness

e) I am filled with them - I will fill them in return ---

Answer ------ gratefulness

_____________________________________

( iii ) ' Healthy  ,free ,the world before              me ' .

          Express your views regarding 

          the above line .

Answer ----

           The above line  tells us  that the world is healthy , free and unbiased . One is free to go anywhere .The poet loved to explore and like to meet all types of people.

He is free from burdens ,cares , stresses and sorrows .

_____________________________________

A3 -  The poet has used many                          describing words  such as  'healthy ' in this poem . Make a list and classify them as -

a) For the world  ------  free 

b) for himself -----------  Strong and                                                  content , light-.                                          hearted

c) for the road ----------  open ,                                                          long  brown    

_____________________________________                                           

A4  ( ii ) The road in the poem  does not mean only the road to travel . The poet wants to suggest the road of life.  Explain the metaphor with the help of the poem .

Answer - 

Example of metaphor : line no.3

1)  ' The long brown path before me leading wherever I Choose '

The long  brown path is  indirectly compared  with the life  . It is a road of life .

As the dirt road ( brown path ) is not easy to travel , similarly  the journey of life is not easy .one should learn the art of enjoying  the life as it comes .

2) ' Still here I carry my old delicious burdens ' ( line no. 16)

Old sweet memories are indirectly compared with delicious burdens .

_____________________________________

(iv) There are certain words that are repeated in the poem .for example ' no more '  ( in line 7 )

Find out other similar expressions .

Explain the effect they have created in the poem .

Answer ----

Similar expressions :

1 ) ' good fortune ' ( in line 5 )

2) ' carry them '      ( in line 17 )

The words are repeated for the poetic effect .

(v) The use of personal pronoun ' I ' is evident and prominent in this poem . Give reasons .

Answer :-

 In this poem ,  the poet speaks  on a 'personal freedom ' . Through the lines of the poem , he explains his state of mind  . As , he is narrating and sharing his personal memories  , it is written in the first person 'I '.

_____________________________________

A 5 

Write a poetic appreciation of the poem ' Song of the Open Road '.

     Poetic Appreciation 

2:1 Song Of The Open Road

                By - Walt Whitman

_____________________________________

With the help of the following points , write a poetic appreciation of the poem 'Song of the Open Road'.

Points :-

* About the poem / poet and the           title

*The theme

*Poetic style

*The language / poetic devices            used  in the poem 

* Special features

* Message, values morals in the           poem

*Your opinion about the poem

____________________________________

Appreciation :

       The name of the poem is 'Song of the Open Road ' . It is written by an American poet Walt Whitman . 

The title of the poem is apt to get the meaning of the poem . It tells about the free world .The word ,     ' Open Road ' , in the title of the poem tells us that it is not the common road to travel but it is the road of life .The road signifies mobility .The poet argues against staying in one place for too long. One can take the road as a point to start  over towards something new.

Theme :-

The  Main theme of the poem is 'Freedom '. Joy of life and Optimism are other themes . The poem tells the readers to leave their difficulties behind and enjoy the freedom of life .

Poetic style :-

      This  poem is written in a free verse . It means it is free from the limitations of regular metre or rhythm . It is free from artificiality

of a typical poetic expression .

The language / Poetic devices :-

       The language of the poem is very lucid and  simple . It is very easy to understand . It is free from artificiality of a typical poetic expression . It is written in a free verse .

        The  figures of speech  used in the poem help to enhance the beauty of the poem . 

The figures of speech used in this poem are , Metaphor , Paradox, Free Verse , Alliteration and  Repetition .

 In the expression ' Old delicious burdens ',  the figures of speech is paradox . It implies that the poet has many sweet memories of the people and places which he would like to remember forever .

    Skillful use of the figures of speech increases the charm of  the poem .

Special features :

   Whitman separates this poem 

into four separate stanzas . The first stanza contains only 3 lines ; other stanza contains 4 lines . The lines are unrhymed . Phrases like ' light hearted 'and 'querulous criticism ' are interesting . Imageries  such as 'Constellations ' and' Brown path ' are effective .

Message , Values ,Morals in the poem :-

     It teaches us to be optimistic and burden free . It tells the readers that social status is not a barrier , if you want to enjoy the life truly .  People from all categories should come together forgetting the social status .

      

Your opinion about the poem :

    It is an inspirational poem . It encourages the reader to spare Some  time from their domestic attachments  and enjoy the life in the healthy and free world .

____________________________________

(II)  Write four to six lines of free verse on the topic ' The road that leads to my college '. Express that it is the road of knowledge and bright future .You may begin like this :

' Every day I tread with the bag of books  .................

Answer -------

       Every day I tread with the bag of books  on the road that leads to my college  ,

      The road is crowded With pink,       blue and green  ,

            My parents send me there ,

        to learn to read and write .

         It is the temple of knowledge,

and every one should go there to worship ,

         I believe it , because my parents believe it .

____________________________________

 _____________Thank You ___________

        

 

2:1( Poetic appreciation ) Song Of The Open Road

     Poetic Appreciation 

2:1 Song Of The Open Road

                By - Walt Whitman

_____________________________________

With the help of the following points , write a poetic appreciation of the poem 'Song of the Open Road'.

Points :-

* About the poem / poet and the           title

*The theme

*Poetic style

*The language / poetic devices            used  in the poem 

* Special features

* Message, values morals in the           poem

*Your opinion about the poem

____________________________________

Appreciation :

       The name of the poem is 'Song of the Open Road ' . It is written by an American poet Walt Whitman . 

The title of the poem is apt to get the meaning of the poem . It tells about the free world .The word ,     ' Open Road ' , in the title of the poem tells us that it is not the common road to travel but it is the road of life .The road signifies mobility .The poet argues against staying in one place for too long. One can take the road as a point to start  over towards something new.

Theme :-

The  Main theme of the poem is 'Freedom '. Joy of life and Optimism are other themes . The poem tells the readers to leave their difficulties behind and enjoy the freedom of life .

Poetic style :-

      This  poem is written in a free verse . It means it is free from the limitations of regular metre or rhythm . It is free from artificiality

of a typical poetic expression .

The language / Poetic devices :-

       The language of the poem is very lucid and  simple . It is very easy to understand . It is free from artificiality of a typical poetic expression . It is written in a free verse .

        The  figures of speech  used in the poem help to enhance the beauty of the poem . 

The figures of speech used in this poem are , Metaphor , Paradox, Free Verse , Alliteration and  Repetition .

 In the expression ' Old delicious burdens ',  the figures of speech is paradox . It implies that the poet has many sweet memories of the people and places which he would like to remember forever .

    Skillful use of the figures of speech increases the charm of  the poem .

Special features :

   Whitman separates this poem 

into four separate stanzas . The first stanza contains only 3 lines ; other stanza contains 4 lines . The lines are unrhymed . Phrases like ' light hearted 'and 'querulous criticism ' are interesting . Imageries  such as 'Constellations ' and' Brown path ' are effective .

Message , Values ,Morals in the poem :-

     It teaches us to be optimistic and burden free . It tells the readers that social status is not a barrier , if you want to enjoy the life truly .  People from all categories should come together forgetting the social status .

      

Your opinion about the poem :

    It is an inspirational poem . It encourages the reader to spare Some  time from their domestic attachments  and enjoy the life in the healthy and free world .

_____________________________________      ______Thank You ______